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• W2005093134 abstract "During smile evaluation and anterior esthetic construction, the anatomic and racial variations should be considered in order to achieve better matching results. The aims of this study were to validate an objective method for recording spontaneous smile process and to categorize the smile and upper lip curvature of Chinese Han-nationality youth. One hundred and eighty-eight Chinese Han-nationality youths (88 males and 100 females) ranged from 20 to 35 years of age were selected. Spontaneous smiles were elicited by watching comical movies and the dynamics of the spontaneous smile were captured continuously with a digital video camera. All subjects’ smiles were categorized into three types: commissure, cuspid and gummy smile based on video editing software and final images. Subjects’ upper lip curvatures were also measured and divided into three groups: upward, straight and downward. Reliability analysis was conducted to obtain intra-rater reliabilities on twice measurements. The Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare differences for each parameters (α=0.05). In smile classification, 60.6% commissure smile, 33.5% cuspid smile and 5.9% gummy smile were obtained. In upper lip measurement, 26.1% upward, 39.9% straight and 34.0% downward upper lip curvature were determined. The commissure smile group showed statistically significant higher percentage of straight (46.5%) and upward (40.4%) in upper lip curvatures (P<0.05), while cuspid smile group (65.1%) and gummy smile group (72.7%) showed statistically significant higher frequency in downward upper lip curvature (P<0.05). It is evident that differences in upper lip curvature and smile classification exist based on race, when comparing Chinese subjects with those of Caucasian descent, and gender. Research in China to classify smiles could help guide future oral reconstruction surgery in the world’s most populous country. A team led by Wen-Jie Hu of Peking University analyzed smiles from 188 young adults of Han Chinese ethnicity and categorized them according to overall shape and upper lip curvature. Consistent with studies from other populations, the researchers showed that around 60% of the participants had what’s known as a ‘commissure’ smile, typically shaped like a Cupid’s bow. Another third had a ‘cuspid’ smile, in which the lips are commonly visualized as a diamond, and the final 6% had ‘gummy’ smiles. However, unlike a previously reported Caucasian cohort, the Chinese subjects, like Koreans, had lips that tended to be straight or downward-facing, rather than curving upwards." @default.
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• W2005093134 date "2013-04-01" @default.
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• W2005093134 title "Analysis of dynamic smile and upper lip curvature in young Chinese" @default.
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• W2005093134 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2013.17" @default.
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