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• W2005161714 abstract "One year old conifer plants were grown on peat substrate in containers in a field nursery. One of diuron (1.25 kg ha‐1) or chlorotoluron (1.5kg ha‐1) were applied on separate field plots (one herbicide per container and per plot). For the herbicide treatment, some pots were set in a temporary location away from the rest of the experiment; thereafter these pots were placed on lysi‐meter tables set in the center of the plots treated with the same herbicide applied at the same dose and date. The overhead sprinkler irrigation (180 mm month‐1, to which added the rainfall) was the same above the lysimeter and the field plot. The water collected from the lysimeter was only the one which leached through the peat of the containers set on the lysimeter. During the 7 months which followed the herbicide treatment, diuron and chlorotoluron mainly remained ‐ for more than 98% of the herbicide residue remaining in peat at each analysis time ‐ in the 0–5 cm peat surface layer, their half‐lives there being 3.3 and 2.6 months, respectively. Two percent or less of the herbicide residue was detected in the 5–10cm peat surface layer during the 3 months following the treatment, and nothing more thereafter in this peat layer. The herbicides were never detected in the 10–15 cm lower peat layer during the 7 months following the treatment. During the first week following the treatment, the percolating water collected from the lysimeters contained 18 ug diuron and 14 μg chlorotoluron kg‐1 water. During the second week following the treatment, the leachate contained 7 μg diuron or 6 ug chlorotoluron kg‐1 water. Thereafter, diuron and chlorotoluron were no more detected in the percolating water collected during each one month period till the end of the trial. The total amount of diuron or chlorotoluron lost in the leachate during the 14 days following the application was about 0.1% of the applied dose. This very low amount corresponds to the loss of diuron or chlorotoluron in the leachate (the water percolating through the peat) of the containers set in the field and irrigated overhead. Results thus indicate that reducing pot spacing during the herbicide treatment, or direct herbicide application pot per pot considerably reduce the loss of diuron or chlorotoluron in runoff water. Nontarget herbicide losses of 23% indeed may be expected when the containers are touching; losses of 50–80% may be expected for containers spaced 20 or 30 cm apart, respectively. Another part of the containers treated aside with chlorotoluron was placed on sandbeds permanently humidified at field capacity, water ascending by capillarity into the peat substrate of the containers (sub‐irrigation). Chlorotoluron completely remained in the 0–5 cm peat surface layer, being not detected in the 5–10 and 10–15cm lower layers. The chlorotoluron half‐life in the 0–5cm peat surface layer was similar as with the overhead irrigation, and chlorotoluron was not detected in the water impregnating the sandbed." @default.
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• W2005161714 date "1999-11-01" @default.
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• W2005161714 title "Diuron and chlorotoluron herbicides dissipation and leaching out from the peat substrate of containers of ornamental plants in nursery" @default.
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• W2005161714 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249909358847" @default.
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