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- W2005269344 abstract "We developed an accurate (51% error) apparatus to measure water consumption of large, freeranging mammals. We field tested the system at water catchments in the Picacho Mountains, Arizona, in summers 1985 and 1986. We recorded water consumption of desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus crooki). Three collared males visited water sources 1.1 times/24 hours over 10 days. Deer consumed from 1.52 to 6.01 L water/catchment visit (Z = 3.70, n = 54). Females drank more (9 = 4.16, n = 20) than males (f = 3.55, n = 24) during late summer (P = 0.019). J. WILDL. MANAGE. 52(3):528-534 Development of wildlife water catchments has been a common management practice in Arizona since the 1950's (Wright 1959). However, water requirements of desert mule deer and their adaptations to arid environments are poorly understood; few water intake data have been collected in the field (Elder 1954, Koplin 1960, Hervert and Krausman 1986). Hervert and Krausman (1986) determined drinking frequency of free-ranging female desert mule deer but drinking frequency of males has not been determined. Knox et al. (1969) concluded that mule deer are not adapted physiologically for water conservation, but Wesley et al. (1970) stated that without water restriction experiments such conclusions cannot be made. No efficient technique has been described for measuring water intake of large, free-ranging mammals, and nocturnal drinking behavior of desert ungulates makes observation difficult. We developed a technique using a microflowmeter, a nightscope, and infrared lights to measure water intake by desert mule deer. Our objectives were to determine if wildlife would tolerate the equipment, to measure accuracy of the equipment, to evaluate performance of the equipment under field conditions, to estimate the drinking frequency of male desert mule deer, and to record water consumption of free-ranging desert mule deer. This study was funded by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank P. S. Becker, M. J. Crites, R. C. Etchberger, S. K. Friedman, B. D. Leopold, R. Mazaika, T. L. Myers, S. E. Rinkevich, D. L. Scarbrough, T. L. Steel, G. G. Taylor, M. C. Wallace, and G. D. Warrick for field assistance. W thank W. M. Martin and J. L. Tiss for their technical assistance. D. K. Blough, B. D. Leopold, and K. R. Rautenstrauch provided statistical assistance. Earlier drafts of this manuscript were reviewed by R. W. Mannan, K. R. Rautenstrauch, and N. S. Smith." @default.
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- W2005269344 date "1988-07-01" @default.
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- W2005269344 title "Measuring Water Consumption of Desert Mule Deer" @default.
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- W2005269344 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3801605" @default.
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