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- W2005429168 abstract "Use of the highly sensitive Hokupa'a/Gemini curvature wavefront sensor has allowed, for the first time, direct adaptive optics (AO) guiding on very low mass (VLM) stars with cool spectral types (M8.0-L0.5). These low mass (<i>Mass</i> < 100 <i>M<sub>JUPITER</sub></i>) objects are very cool (<i>T<sub>eff</sub></i><3000K) and have very low luminosities (V ⪆ 20 at D = 20 pc) but are red enough (V-I ~ 4) for the Houkupa'a curvature WFS to guide on the reddest (λ<sub><i>eff</i></sub>~ 0.8 μm) photons. This is the only high-resolution (FWHM~0.1) survey ever of stars cooler than M7 from the ground. We guided on 39 such objects and detected 9 VLM binaries (7 of which were discovered for the first time to be binaries). Most of these systems (55%) are tight (separation <5 AU) and have similar masses (Δ <i>Ks</i><0.8 mag; 0.85<<i>q</i><1.0). However, 2 systems (LHS 2397a, and 2M2331016-040618) have large Δ <i>Ks</i>>2.38 mag and consist of a VLM star orbited by a much cooler L6.5-L8.5 brown dwarf companion. Based on our initial flux limited (<i>Ks</i><12 mag) survey of 39 M8.0-L0.5 stars (mainly from the sample of Gizis et al. 2000) we find a binary fraction in the range 19±7% for M8.0-L0.5 binaries with separations >2.6 AU. This is slightly less than the 32±9% measured for more massive (M0-M4) stars over the same separation range (Fischer & Marcy 1992). It appears M8.0-L0.5 binaries (as well as L and T dwarf binaries) have a much smaller semi-major axis distribution peak (~4 AU) compared to more massive M and G stars which have a broad peak at larger ~30 AU separations. We also find no VLM binaries (<i>M<sub>tot</sub></i><0.18 Msun) with separations >20 AU. We find that a velocity ``kick'' of ~3 km/s can reproduce the observed cut-off in the semi-major axis distribution at ~20 AU. This kick may have been from the VLM system being ejected from its formation mini-cluster." @default.
- W2005429168 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2005429168 date "2003-02-01" @default.
- W2005429168 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2005429168 title "Hokupa'a/Gemini survey of the lowest mass/faintest guide stars: the very low mass binary population and its implications for brown dwarf formation theories" @default.
- W2005429168 doi "https://doi.org/10.1117/12.458958" @default.
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