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- W2006063129 abstract "Abstract An exhausting review of oil field literature showed us a wide range of causes for fines migration. Conspicuous among these causes was the existence of kaolinite clay mineral in the pores and the intensity of mass and momentum transfer of the fluid within the wetted perimeter of pores or pore throats. However, the field production operation personnel have taught us that when the water cut rises, the fines migration and well sanding becomes a serious, costly issue for the operators. It appears that neither researcher in the laboratory nor field researchers have offered clear reasons for the fines migration when the water-cut increases above and beyond a certain threshold. This paper addresses this issue with some examples. These examples may be used as bases of recommendations for resolving the fine migration issue. To understand the issue first, (for the purpose of offering some remedial measures), our works led us to examine a new mechanism, sand liquefaction. In this effort, we discovered that as the original water-oil contact plane rose above the original plane of contact resulting from water conning or very high rate production, the formation sands began to liquefy. It appeared that five important parameters controlled the sand liquefaction process. They were the fine particle buoyancy, changes in the effective bulk density of sand, high pore pressure build-up near the well bore due to transient pressure (equivalent to transient shear stress), lack of adequate cohesive cement between sand grains, and a low angle of internal friction. Our calculations lead us to conclusion that if the fine particles accelerate above the threshold limit of 0.190 g, where g is the acceleration of gravity, the sand liquefaction begins. The obvious outcome of this process is well sanding, fines migration, or both. Although not discussed in this paper, we detected that if the amount of natural cementing material, such as calcite, dolomite, and siderite, reached a level of about 5 percent or more, the sand would not liquefy easily. Our recommendation for remedial works like gravel packing, frac packing, selectively perforating the sand, trajectory planning for well re-entries, and other measures is largely based on these conclusions and microscopic determination of the sand shear strength." @default.
- W2006063129 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2006063129 creator A5065694245 @default.
- W2006063129 date "1999-03-28" @default.
- W2006063129 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2006063129 title "Formation Sand Liquefaction: A New Mechanism for Explaining Fines Migration and Well Sanding" @default.
- W2006063129 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/52137-ms" @default.
- W2006063129 hasPublicationYear "1999" @default.
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