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- W2006172011 abstract "A multiresidue procedure for the insecticides used by organic farmers has been developed. Rotenone, cevadine, and veratridine (the major components of sabadilla), pyrethrin I and pyrethrin II (the major components of pyrethrum), and ryanodine and dehydroryanodine (the major components of ryania) can be separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detected and quantified by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI/MS) in the selected ion monitoring mode. Piperonyl butoxide, a material sometimes used together with rotenone or pyrethrum to enhance toxicity, can also be detected and quantified by this procedure. The analytes are extracted with acetonitrile/water and are cleaned up with a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge. Rotenone, piperonyl butoxide, and the two major sabadilla components could be detected (signal-to-noise ratio = 10) in lettuce, cucumber, and cabbage at 1−6 ppb. Pyrethrin I and the ryania components could be detected between 10 and 171 ppb in these vegetables, whereas pyrethrin II was generally less sensitive, with a limit of detection as high as 200 ppb in cabbage. Recoveries were in the 72−124% range. Percent coefficients of variation ranged from 2 to 17. Keywords: Organic farming; sabadilla; veratridine; cevadine; ryania; dehydroryanodine; ryanodine; rotenone; pyrethrum; pyrethrin I; pyrethrin II; piperonyl butoxide; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); atmospheric pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (APCI/LCMS)" @default.
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- W2006172011 date "1998-05-28" @default.
- W2006172011 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2006172011 title "Multiresidue Analytical Procedure for Insecticides Used by Organic Farmers" @default.
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- W2006172011 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980332b" @default.
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