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- W2006360079 abstract "A57-YEAR-OLD MAN with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung was admitted for persistent bilateral community acquired pneumonia. He described dyspnea, malaise, weakness, nocturnal diaphoresis, dry cough, insomnia, and generalized back pain. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest demonstrated a large pericardial effusion without tamponade, bilateral consolidation, and evidence of bone metastases. Diagnostic pericardiocentesis was performed that confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma. A bone scan showed lesions in the skull, ribs, spine and femora. Medications included codeine, 30 mg orally as needed, antibiotics for the pneumonia, and oxygen at 8 L/min. He was married and lived with his wife and one of their two sons. He had recently retired because of health problems. Palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were recommended. The palliative care consult team was asked to see the patient 2 weeks after admission. The patient was noted to be alert and oriented with a mini-mental state examination (MMSE) of 29/30. Because of the patient’s deteriorating condition, radiation or chemotherapy could not be started. The patient was tearful and had difficulty accepting that his illness was terminal. Optimistic hope appeared to be his major coping mechanism, despite awareness of his diagnosis and prognosis. He acknowledged that he had a strong support network. As a result of increasing pain in his right ribs and left scapula after the creation of a pericardial window, codeine was discontinued and oral morphine was started at 20 mg orally every 4 hour with 10 mg every 1 hour as needed. Increasing pain and dyspnea were treated with increased oxygen at 15–20 L/min and increased morphine at 30 mg orally every 4 hours with 20 mg every hour as needed. Morphine was changed to hydromorphone, then to methadone because of increasing side effects and inadequate pain control. Dexamethasone was added, which resulted in corticosteroid-induced diabetes mellitus that was controlled by insulin. Gradually, good pain control was achieved. The patient was alert, able to eat and was mobile in his wheelchair. He was transferred to a tertiary palliative care unit at another hospital 6 weeks after admission. The patient experienced a rapid deterioration including increasing confusion and dyspnea. Methadone was changed to oxycodone as it was suspected the confusion might be the result of methadone toxicity. The patient developed thrombocytopenia resulting in epistaxis and ecchymosis over his abdomen secondary to subcutaneous injections. Differential diagnosis included disseminated intravascular coagulation, sepsis syndrome, or bone marrow replacement by cancer. He continued to expect ongoing investigations and treatment and remained hopeful that he would improve sufficiently to undergo cancer treatment. Intravenous antibiotics were administered. Unit staff and family were distressed by the" @default.
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- W2006360079 date "2003-04-01" @default.
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- W2006360079 title "Two Remarkable Dyspneic Men: When Should Terminal Sedation be Administered?" @default.
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- W2006360079 doi "https://doi.org/10.1089/109662103764978560" @default.
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