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- W200637779 abstract "From time to time, as space and interest permit, we will reprint classic papers from the early years of Behaviorism, our precursor journal. Not all libraries carry these early issues of Behaviorism, but many of the topics they discuss remain current. We invite suggestion for future reprints. Richard Herrnstein’s 1972 paper on instinct reminds us that progress in psychology is not so much a rising slope as a helix. The same issues tend to be revisited repeatedly, with a little advance on each visit, rather than being solved one after the other in linear fashion. Issues are often revisited with little recognition that they are not new and that some progress towards a solution may have already been made. Sometimes problems are actually solved the second (or third, or…) time around. But sometimes we merely repeat, often without attribution or much additional understanding, what has been said before. Herrnstein’s article offers several examples of this process. A problem that most would now regard as largely solved, is Henri Fabre’s famous experiment with mason bees. The bees lay their eggs in cells they have filled two-thirds full with honey. What would the bee do, Fabre wondered, if he removed the honey as soon as she left after each provisioning visit. Would she continue provisioning indefinitely? Would she give up and lay elsewhere? Or would she lay after the normal number of provisioning visits, irrespective of the amount of honey actually accumulated? Mason bees do the latter, of course, laying their eggs as soon as the requisite number of provisioning visits have been made, no matter how little honey remains. Herrnstein quotes Fabre’s intuitionist interpretation: “An instinctive predisposition is her only guide . . . infallible under normal conditions, but hopelessly lost when subjected to the wiles of the experimenter” (p. 82). No contemporary biologist would succumb to Fabre’s lyrical mystification. As Fabre points out, under normal conditions, honey deposited is proportional to number of provisioning visits. It is a matter of evolutionary accident, therefore, what natural selection will fix on as the controlling stimulus for egg-laying: the actual accumulation of honey, or the number of provisionings. Since number of provisionings is more easily measured (no perceptual apparatus is required, merely" @default.
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- W200637779 title "EDITORIAL: INSTINCT AND THE OPERANT" @default.
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