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• W2006743311 abstract "Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered to be the most important public health problem of the twentieth century. HIV-associated respiratory tract infections, including tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia, are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in AIDS in the world, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common AIDS-defining opportunistic infection in the United States. Many infectious, neoplastic, and other disorders have been linked with HIV infection. A list of HIV-associated respiratory disorders follows: Bacterial Infections Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Chlamydia pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus Moraxella catarrhalis Rhodococcus equi Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Other nontuberculous mycobacteria Protozoal Infections Pneumocystis carinii (fungus?) Strongyloides stercoralis Toxoplasma gondii Viral infections Cytomegalovirus Adenovirus Herpes simplex Measles Fungal infections Cryptococcus neoformans Histoplasma capsulatum Aspergillus fumigatus Coccidioides immitis Blastomyces dermatitides Malignancies Kaposi's sarcoma Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Carcinoma of the lung Other Disorders Sinusitis Bronchitis/bronchiectasis Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia Primary pulmonary hypertension The risk of developing each of these disorders is influenced by genetic factors, place of residence, route of transmission of HIV, prior infections, severity of immunosuppression, and use of prophylactic and antiretroviral medications.1, 19, 27, 33, 46, 71 Since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, flexible bronchoscopy (FB) has been invaluable in the diagnosis of these disorders. Rigorous assessment of the diagnostic usefulness of bronchoscopy in HIV-infected patients is difficult because large studies comparing the yield of bronchoscopic procedures with the gold standard of open lung biopsy (OLB) or autopsy are lacking; most patients with nondiagnostic bronchoscopic procedures are treated empirically. Nevertheless, a wealth of clinical experience supports the use of the procedure.12, 72, 75, 81 In this article, the usefulness of bronchoscopy in diagnosing the common pulmonary complications associated with HIV infection is discussed. Alternatives to bronchoscopy are briefly reviewed. The information provided is likely to help the clinician plan a diagnostic approach to pulmonary complications of HIV disease." @default.
• W2006743311 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2006743311 date "1999-03-01" @default.
• W2006743311 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2006743311 title "ROLE OF BRONCHOSCOPY IN AIDS" @default.
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