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• W2007147131 abstract "THE intracavitary and interstitial use of radium usually requires some form of anesthesia. Local infiltrative and conductive (nerve block) anesthesia is frequently employed for the interstitial irradiation or surgical excision of intra-oral cancers. The surgical approach for radium therapy of cancers of the uterus, rectum, and urinary bladder is often done through the medium of spinal anesthesia. Local anesthesia is not suitable for the introduction of radium needles or radon seeds into bulky tumors of the trunk and extremities, or into the breast and axilla involved by mammary cancer. The majority of these treatments (i.e., the surgical implantation or placement of the radium) are given in less than ten minutes. It would seem that the technical difficulties, dangers, unpleasant sequelæ and relatively long periods of recuperation from general and spinal anesthesia, as well as the apprehension and nervous shock of local anesthesia, might be avoided by the employment of an anesthetic with the following properties: rapid induction, ease of administration, short period of anesthesia with immediate and complete recovery, safety, and low toxicity. These qualifications have been met by sodium evipal, the new intravenous anesthetic recently introduced into this country. It was our privilege to test its value, several months before it was placed on the American market. It seems to be ideally suited for the short anesthesia necessary in interstitial and intracavitary irradiation and on this account it is of great importance to radiologists. Pharmacologic Action Evipal is the trade name given to N-methyl cyclohexenylmethyl barbituric acid. In Europe, it is known as evipan. It is a white, tasteless, odorless crystalline compound with a melting point of 143–145° C. The structural formula is: The compound itself is only slightly soluble but the sodium salt is very soluble though unstable in solution, decomposing in a few hours. It was developed in the laboratories of the I. G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft, in Elberfeld, Germany, and was first described by Dr. H. Weese in 1932 (1), who credits the invention to Dr. Ludwig Taub and Dr. Walter Kropp (2), workers in the same laboratories. Experiments on the pharmacologic action of this drug were first carried out by Weese using mice, cats, dogs, and canaries. He found these animals to act in nearly the same manner. Canaries went to sleep in 8 minutes when given 3 mg. by mouth, and slept 30 minutes. Mice slept from 3 to 4 minutes after a similar dose, 120 mg. per kilo, and waked in 50 to 60 minutes. The lethal dose for mice and dogs was found to be 3.3 times the effective anesthetic dose, while in cats the therapeutic index was four. (Kennedy found a therapeutic index of 4 in mice and rats. In guinea pigs, 2.5 times the therapeutic dose caused death.)" @default.
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• W2007147131 date "1935-09-01" @default.
• W2007147131 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2007147131 title "Evipal Anesthesia for Radium Therapy" @default.
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• W2007147131 doi "https://doi.org/10.1148/25.3.295" @default.
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