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- W2007175090 abstract "A recent placebo-controlled study evaluating the use of intravenous atropine as an adjunct to conscious sedation before upper endoscopy in pediatric patients did not detect any benefit.1Hofley MA Hofley PM Keon TP Gallagher PR Poon C Liacouras CA A placebo-controlled trial using intravenous atropine as an adjunct to conscious sedation in pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy.Gastrointest Endosc. 1995; 42: 457-460Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar In adults, the use of atropine as premedication for endoscopy was abandoned more then a decade ago.2Cattau Jr, EL Artnak EJ Castell DO Meyer GW Efficacy of atropine as an endoscopic premedication.Gastrointest Endosc. 1983; 29: 285-288Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (18) Google Scholar Atropine is still commonly used as a premedication for anesthesia to decrease oral secretions and attenuate vagal reflexes caused by anesthetic drugs and oropharyngeal manipulation. It is believed that diminishing the amount of oral secretions may prevent laryngospasm and aspiration.3Mirakhur RK Clarke RSJ Dundee JW McDonald JR Anticholinergic drugs in anaesthesia. A survey of their present position.Anaesthesia. 1978; 33: 133-138Crossref PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used in our center as a palliative treatment for inoperable esophageal cancer and as a treatment option for inoperable patients with early cancer and with Barrett's esophagus and high-grade dysplasia. Following the injection of porfimer sodium (Photophrin), a laser fiber is threaded through an upper endoscope and positioned at the site of interest. Laser energy is delivered at a calculated dose using a red laser light at 630 nm. Depending on the length of the diffuser fiber and the area to be treated, the laser fiber needs to remain steady for periods of up to 12 minutes. This time-consuming procedure demands good conscious sedation for patient comfort and for precise and steady placement of the fiber. We noticed that during these long PDT sessions patients became restless, usually at 4 to 5 minutes into one station application. They became uncomfortable, started to cough, gag, and make swallowing motions as if they had excess oral secretions. We also noticed that symptoms temporarily subsided when the oropharyngeal secretions were suctioned. We hypothesized that the administration of atropine before PDT might diminish the oral secretions that seem to build up during the PDT sessions. We hoped that this would keep patients more comfortable and treatment more accurate. We used atropine at a dose of 0.5 mg intravenously in three patients who had no contraindications for atropine use. One patient had medically inoperable Barrett's esophagus with carcinoma in situ and two patients had advanced esophageal carcinoma. None of the patients had high-grade esophageal obstruction. The atropine was given in conjunction with the premedication, meperidine and midazolam. In two patients, both taking β-blockers, the heart rate did not significantly change, but in one patient the pulse rate increased from 70 beats/minute to 100 beats/minute and was well tolerated. In sharp contrast with prior procedures (two patients had PDT 2 days before), all of the patients remained very comfortable during the procedure, the oral cavity and tongue remained dry, and no oral secretions could be suctioned. The gagging and swallowing that we observed in prior procedures was absent and this greatly facilitated the procedure. Excess production of oral secretions in long sessions of PDT may render these procedures uncomfortable and inaccurate. It was shown in prior endoscopy studies that atropine decreases oral secretions,2Cattau Jr, EL Artnak EJ Castell DO Meyer GW Efficacy of atropine as an endoscopic premedication.Gastrointest Endosc. 1983; 29: 285-288Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (18) Google Scholar and our initial experience indicates that premedication with atropine in PDT procedures might be beneficial in patients where its use is not contraindicated." @default.
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- W2007175090 title "Use of atropine during endoscopy: benefit during photodynamic therapy" @default.
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- W2007175090 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(96)70120-7" @default.
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