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• W2007201229 abstract "The idea that the construction of an internal representation of the body is based on the synthesis of visual and somatosensory sensations is almost a century old. However, very few studies have examined exactly where and how these two signals are combined in the brain 1xVisual control of hand-reaching movement: activity in parietal area 7. Ferraina, S et al. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1997; 9: 1090–1095Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (61)See all References1. In a recent article, Graziano and colleagues report evidence that neurons in monkey parietal area 5 integrate different sensory modalities to create a coherent neural representation of the body 2xCoding the location of arm by sight. Graziano, M.S.A et al. Science. 2000; 290: 1782–1786Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (303)See all References2. These researchers assessed the responses of single neurons in area 5 while proprioceptive and visual information about arm position were independently manipulated. They devised an ingenious experiment in which the monkey's real arm was hidden from view with a shield, and a realistic fake arm was visible above the shield and placed either at the same location or a different location from the monkey's own arm. Graziano et al. found, as have previous studies, that many area 5 neurons were influenced by proprioceptive inputs from the monkey's actual arm. More importantly, however, 29% of area 5 neurons were also modulated by the sight of the fake arm, firing at a higher rate when both seen and ‘felt’ (real) arms were at specific spatial locations (e.g. both on the left). To rule out an explanation of the findings in terms of changes in arousal or attentional cueing due to vision of the fake arm, control experiments showed that neurons that responded to the sight of the arm were not affected by the sight of other visual objects (e.g. apple slices) at that location. Moreover, when the fake arm was placed backwards, such that the fingers were near the monkey's shoulder, area 5 neurons failed to respond to its position in space. Finally, when a left fake arm was ‘attached’ to the right shoulder, visual modulation also vanished.These results allow several conclusions to be drawn. First, they demonstrate that neurons in parietal area 5 combine visual and somatosensory signals to represent the location of the arm in space. Second, they show that the crossmodal influence of vision on proprioception depends on the identity of the visual stimulus and not simply on its location. Finally, they suggest that cells in area 5 encode the spatial relationships between parts of the body and, as such, may form the neural basis of the body schema. Interestingly, neurons in somatosensory area S1 were not modulated by visual feedback from the fake arm, suggesting that area 5 might be the first stage at which a multimodal representation of the body appears in the brain." @default.
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• W2007201229 title "Vision and touch in parietal area 5" @default.
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• W2007201229 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01607-7" @default.
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