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- W2007335903 abstract "The effect of prodrug structure on the permeability of levonorgestrel (LN) through rat skin in vitro was investigated. Two types of prodrugs were synthesized and tested. One type of prodrug was more hydrophilic relative to LN; the second type of prodrug prepared were simple alkyl esters with lower melting points relative to LN. The hydrophilic derivatives were designed to partition into the viable epidermis to a greater extent than LN; the low melting point derivatives were also designed to have increased flux due to greater solubility in the skin. The hydrophilic prodrugs prepared were LN-glycidol and LN-hexanediol; the ester prodrugs were LN-hexanoate and LN-pentanoate. The transdermi steady-state flux through rat skin in vitro of LN using LN-glycidol was 1.95 μg/(cm2 h) using ethanol as the donor phase solvent; steady-state LN flux was 0.95 μg/(cm2 h) using LN-hexanediol. These fluxes are approximately 20 to 40 times higher than free LN. Unfortunately, both LN-glycidol and LN-hexanediol were hydrolytically unstable in neutral to basic solutions. The ester prodrugs were more hydrolytically stable but the fluxes were lower. The steady-state flux of LN using LN-hexanoate was 0.18 μg/(cm2 h); the flux, which had not yet reached steady-state after 66 h, of LN using LN-pentanoate was 0.08 μg/(cm2 h). No ester prodrug was detected in the receptor phase at any time indicating complete hydrolysis by the presence of esterase in the skin. No hydrolysis was measured in the donor phase over the course of the experiment.These results indicate that the structure of LN can be modified by the prodrug approach to increase the flux of LN through rat skin in vitro." @default.
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- W2007335903 date "1988-09-01" @default.
- W2007335903 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2007335903 title "Transdermal delivery of levonorgestel II: Effect of prodrug structure on skin permeability in vitro" @default.
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- W2007335903 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(88)90058-2" @default.
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