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- W2007538959 abstract "Mathematical models adapted to computer programming were prepared to simulate various ecological interactions. The models were tested on an Alwac III-E computer, using various hypothetical population parameters. Single-species populations in a constant environment became stabilized in number of individuals and age-composition. Prey-predator interactions resulted in damped oscillations in both populations. However, when the effect of climate was introduced as a random variable, the oscillations were no longer damped. Simulations of two species competing on the same trophic level resulted in the extinction of one species or the other. Interactions among three species had various outcomes, depending on the trophic relationships among the species. The two- and three-species models depart from the classical approach in that the age composition of each species is taken into account. The three-species model can be expanded to handle larger numbers of species, and can be modified to handle reproductive cycles of various lengths and to approximate instantaneous mortality rates. If desired, the model can be programmed to solve for unknowns other than the population size. The theoretical study of population fluctuations and the effects of the environment upon them has been handled mainly by differential and difference equations in the past. With the development of digital computers a new approach to this problem is possible. Since interspecific relationships in nature are usually governed by a number of factors interacting in a complex way, any mathematical model that closely simulates nature is likely to involve a great deal of computation. Use of an Alwac III-E digital computer, allowed one to perform rapidly many more arithmetic calculations than would have been otherwise possible, enabling one to write rather elaborate programs. Three different situations have been considered: the case of one species by itself; the case of two species and their interactions; and the case of three species which are allowed to interact with each other in several ways." @default.
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- W2007538959 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2007538959 title "Predation, competition and environmental variables: Some mathematical models" @default.
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- W2007538959 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(70)90136-0" @default.
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