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• W2007665989 abstract "This paper assesses the contribution of secondary particles to pencil and passively scattered proton beams, in particular when considering the dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) in biological treatment planning. Proton Monte Carlo simulations are performed in water phantoms and for two patients, considering all primary and secondary particles, including recoils from inelastic nuclear interactions. Our results show that secondary protons exhibit LETd values up to a factor 10 higher than those of the primary protons at the same depth. Thus, secondary protons have a significant impact on the LETd. Their contribution increases the LETd by ∼50% along the central axis and even >200% in the penumbra. Furthermore, the LET maximum after the peak changes from 12 to 15 keV µm−1 when adding secondary protons to the primary contribution. This is important when modeling LETd with analytical methods. The contribution of recoils (A > 3) is observed to be 1.2% in the entrance region considering a prostate case. The degree of biological damage inflicted by recoils remains hard to quantify, but is discussed on the basis of detailed energy spectra. The results highlight the role of secondary protons in LET-based radiobiological effectiveness calculations for proton therapy and when analyzing radiobiological experiments. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the impact of inhomogeneities on the LET and the subtle changes between the LET distributions of passively scattered and actively scanned beams." @default.
• W2007665989 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2007665989 creator A5037938903 @default.
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• W2007665989 date "2011-09-30" @default.
• W2007665989 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2007665989 title "Elevated LET components in clinical proton beams" @default.
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• W2007665989 doi "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/56/20/011" @default.
• W2007665989 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21965268" @default.
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