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- W2007688528 abstract "Spiral-wound thin-film composite membrane systems have been developed for seawater desalination by reverse osmosis. (1) Among the most promising composite membranes developed are an expanding family of aromatic polyamides, polyureas, poly(ether/amides) and poly(ether/ureas). (2) Membranes of these types exhibit outstanding transport, mechanical, thermal, biological, and chemical properties. For single-pass seawater desalination, stable water fluxes of 0.27 M3/ M2-day (9.0 gal/ft2-day) and sodium chloride rejections of greater than 99% have been attained with two- and four-inch diameter poly(ether/urea) composite membrane elements at an applied pressure of 44.2 atms (650 psi)in pilot plant tests at Sea World Marine Park in San Diego, California. Water fluxes of 0.41-0.53 M3/M2-day (10-13 gal/ft2-day) and sodium chloride rejections of 98-99% have been attained with 30-45% water recovery at an applied pressure of 54.4 atms (800 psi) with four- and six-inch diameter poly(ether/amide) composite membrane elements in two- stage seawater desalination pilot tests at Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. For brackish water, stable fluxes of 0.70-0.82 M3/M2-day (17-20 gal/ft2-day) and rejections of 99% are observed at an applied pressure of 30.6 atms (450 psi) and 50% water recovery with four- and eight-inch diameter poly(ether/amide) composite membrane elements in brackish water (4580 ppm TDS) pilot tests in San Diego, California. Presently, poly(ether/amide) composite membranes are being optimized for low pressure 17.0 atm (250 psi) brackish water operation in the 379,000 M3/day (100 mgd) Yuma Desalting Plant to be built by the Bureau of Reclamation. Water fluxes of 1.4–1.6 M3/M2-day (35–40 gal/ft2-day) and greater than 98% rejection have been attained with a 5000 ppm sodium chloride feed at an applied pressure of 27.2 atms (400 psi). Spiral elements will produce at least 0.62 M3/M2-day (15 gal/ft2-day) of product water from Yuma feedwater (2880 ppm TDS) at 17.0 atms (250 psi) applied pressure, 80% water recovery and greater than 95% TDS removal." @default.
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- W2007688528 date "1977-01-01" @default.
- W2007688528 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2007688528 title "Spiral-wound thin-film composite membrane systems for brackish and seawater desalination by reverse osmosis" @default.
- W2007688528 cites W1982544566 @default.
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- W2007688528 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(00)82535-7" @default.
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