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• W2007972904 abstract "The concentrations of PRL, corticosterone, and insulin required by long term cultures of normal rat mammary cells to produce α-lactalbumin (αLA) and the 25,000 mol wt β-casein were evaluated with a variety of hormone ratios and concentrations. For these studies a double antibody RIA for β-casein capable of measuring 0.5 ng β-casein/100 μ1 growth media was developed and used along with our previously reported RIA for αLA. PRL was active at physiological levels (0.05–0.15 μg/ml) and quantitatively stimulated β-casein more than αLA, whereas physiological levels of corticosterone (0.05–0.15 βg/ml) quantitatively stimulated αLA more than β-casein. The concentration of corticosterone greatly altered the magnitude of the cells’ response to insulin and PRL for αLA output by cells from either virginal or midpregnant rats. Insulin also enhanced production of these milk proteins, but very little effect was measured in the physiological range. αLA was increased more by insulin than by PRL, and β-casein was enhanced more by insulin than by corticosterone. Cells from midpregnant rats required less insulin to stimulate β-casein production than to stimulate αLA. Cells from virginal rats required a supraphysiological insulin level to stimulate both β-casein and αLA under these conditions. These cells generally require 5–6 weeks to achieve a steady-state rate of milk protein output. The complexities of our observations help explain some of the conflicting reports in the literature concerning which hormone is of prime importance for quantitatively increasing the synthesis of a particular milk protein, particularly since high hormone levels are often employed and time in culture varies considerably among reports. We conclude that lower levels of all these hormones can and should be used in vitro. Our messenger RNA (mRNA) studies using cloned complementary DNA probes for two rat casein mRNAs show that cells grown for 2 months with hormones contain significant amounts of both α- and β-casein mRNAs. Simultaneous quantification of β-casein mRNA levels and rates of β-casein protein production in these long term cell cultures indicated that a substantial portion of their β-casein protein production is regulated by the amount of its mRNA. This could be controlled by mRNA synthesis and/or mRNA degradation. These studies clearly indicate that not all milk proteins are always coordinately regulated by a given set of hormone conditions and that many factors must be considered when utilizing these multiple hormone-responsive cells in vitro for evaluating their regulation in vivo. (Endocrinology118: 393–407, 1986)" @default.
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• W2007972904 date "1986-01-01" @default.
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• W2007972904 title "A Complex Noncoordinate Regulation ofα-Lactalbumin and 25 Kβ-Casein by Corticosterone, Prolactin, and Insulin in Long Term Cultures of Normal Rat Mammary Cells*" @default.
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• W2007972904 doi "https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-118-1-393" @default.
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