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- W2007998475 abstract "To evaluate the epidemiologic and toxicologic consequences of environmental exposure to heavy metals, we examined populations of children living near 21 primary, nonferrous metal smelters in the United States. At lead smelters in El Paso, Texas, and in Kellogg, Idaho, 59 and 99%, respectively, of 1- through 9-year-old children living within 1.6 km of the smelting plants had blood lead levels ⩾40 μ/dl, indicating greater than normal lead absorption. Children living within 3.2 km of 10 of 11 copper smelters had increased urine arsenic levels, indicating increased systemic absorption of arsenic. Elevated blood cadmium levels were found for children in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, who lived within 3.2 km of a zinc smelter. Biological levels of heavy metals in these populations were related inversely to distance of residence from the smelting plants and were in direct proportion to levels of environmental contamination. Inhalation and ingestion of heavy metal particulates emitted by the smelters into air, soil, and dust were the principal causes of increased absorption. Elevated levels of erythrocyte protoporphyrin, as well as anemia and slowed motor nerve conduction velocity were the dose-related toxic consequences of lead absorption observed in the children studied. These data illustrate the importance of smelters as point sources of heavy metal contamination and as models for epidemiologic study." @default.
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- W2007998475 title "Exposure of children to heavy metals from smelters: Epidemiology and toxic consequences" @default.
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- W2007998475 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(81)90090-6" @default.
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