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• W2008046706 abstract "Effects of N application and water supply on yield (Y) and protein content (PC) in the semi-dwarf cultivar, ‘Condor’, were investigated in 1984, 1985 and 1987. Treatments included rainfed and irrigated crops (treatments RF and I, resp.). Nitrogen treatments were nil (N0) and 150 kg N ha−1 (N150) applied at sowing. Yield ranged from ca. 200 g m−2 to 700 g m−2, and in many cases approximated that predicted by a water-limited productivity function (WLPF) describing the maximum yield attainable depending on seasonal rainfall. Such cases included rainfed crops which received N at sowing (treatment RFN150). Otherwise, yield was less than predicted by the WLPF, and was clearly limited by factors other than water when seasonal water supply, including irrigation, exceeded ca. 500 mm. Nitrogen uptake (NU) ranged from 4 g N m−2 to ca. 20 g N m−2. The N uptake of treatment RFN150 was ca. 12–15 g N m−2 each season. By contrast, NU decreased from ca. 12 g N m−2 to 4 g N m−2 with season in the non-fertilized treatments, RFN0 and IN0. This was attributed to depletion of soil N reserves. Nitrogen uptake in treatments IN150 also decreased with season (from ca. 18 g N m−2 to 11 g N m−2), and indicated that the annual application of 15 g N m−2 did not satisfy the potential crop requirement for N under irrigation. In treatments RF, the efficiency of N uptake (ϵup) generally ranged between 0.20 and 0.42 g N (g N applied)−1. Nitrogen application increased NU under irrigation, increasing ϵup to ca. 0.5 g N (g N)−1, and to a maximum of 0.73 g N (g N)−1 in 1985. Yield in treatments other than RFN150 increased with NU according to Y=966[−exp(−0.058 NU)] This relationship implied a decrease in yield per unit NU (ϵutil) with increase in NU. Mean yield in treatment RFN150 was ca. 60% of that expected on the basis of NU, with consequent effects on ϵutil. A comparison of observed measures of yield with those expected on the basis of the WLPF and the yield-NU function allowed an appraisal of factors limiting yield. Water stress restricted growth in treatment RFN150, and NU was governed in part by a reduced rate of growth. Nitrogen uptake restricted growth and yield in treatments other than RFN150. Nitrogen accumulation in the grain increased linearly with NU. Nitrogen harvest index (HIN) was ca. 0.6 in treatments RFN150, and ca. 0.7 in treatments other than RFN150. Protein content ranged between ca. 8% and 15%. Maximum PC was found in the grain of treatments RFN150 despite the lower HIN. In treatments other than RFN150, where PC increased almost linearly with increase in grain N accumulation, the generally-accepted inverse relationship between PC and yield was not seen. However, negative effects of water stress on yield in treatments that were otherwise able to assimilate a minimum of ca. 10 g N m−2 resulted in a negative relationship between PC and yield. The expression of the inverse relationship between PC and yield therefore depended on fertilizer N treatment and soil N status. In treatments where NU was less than ca. 10 g N m−2, PC was confined to the range 8 to 10%, and yield, in all but one instance, did not exceed ca. 350 g m−2. The data suggest that the downward trend in PC of Australian wheat over the last 15 years may be ascribed to over-cropping and its effects on site fertility." @default.
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• W2008046706 date "1992-03-01" @default.
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• W2008046706 title "Nitrogen uptake, water use, grain yield and protein content in wheat" @default.
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• W2008046706 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(92)90071-g" @default.
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