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• W2008324561 endingPage "437" @default.
• W2008324561 startingPage "427" @default.
• W2008324561 abstract "Cell–cell fusion in sexually reproducing organisms is a mechanism to merge gamete genomes and, in multicellular organisms, it is a strategy to sculpt organs, such as muscle, bone, and placenta. Moreover, this mechanism has been implicated in pathological conditions, such as infection and cancer. Studies of genetic model organisms have uncovered a unifying principle: cell fusion is a genetically programmed process. This process can be divided in three stages: competence (cell induction and differentiation); commitment (cell determination, migration, and adhesion); and cell fusion (membrane merging and cytoplasmic mixing). Recent work has led to the discovery of fusogens, which are cell fusion proteins that are necessary and sufficient to fuse cell membranes. Two unrelated families of fusogens have been discovered, one in mouse placenta and one in Caenorhabditis elegans (syncytins and F proteins, respectively). Current research aims to identify new fusogens and determine the mechanisms by which they merge membranes. Cell–cell fusion in sexually reproducing organisms is a mechanism to merge gamete genomes and, in multicellular organisms, it is a strategy to sculpt organs, such as muscle, bone, and placenta. Moreover, this mechanism has been implicated in pathological conditions, such as infection and cancer. Studies of genetic model organisms have uncovered a unifying principle: cell fusion is a genetically programmed process. This process can be divided in three stages: competence (cell induction and differentiation); commitment (cell determination, migration, and adhesion); and cell fusion (membrane merging and cytoplasmic mixing). Recent work has led to the discovery of fusogens, which are cell fusion proteins that are necessary and sufficient to fuse cell membranes. Two unrelated families of fusogens have been discovered, one in mouse placenta and one in Caenorhabditis elegans (syncytins and F proteins, respectively). Current research aims to identify new fusogens and determine the mechanisms by which they merge membranes. a protein essential for the fusion of the anchor cell with eight gonadal cells and additional epithelial and myoepithelial cell fusions in Caenorhabditis elegans. It was the second member of the F family of fusogens to be identified. integral membrane protein required for fertilization in mice and a member of the tetraspanin family. It is associated with integrins and other membrane proteins. mononucleated progenitor cells of the placenta that can differentiate into extravillous trophoblast cells or fuse to form or increase the size of the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast. an integral membrane protein essential and sufficient for epithelial and myoepithelial fusions in C. elegans. EFF-1 was the first F family fusogen to be discovered. naive myoblasts capable of fusing to founder cells during Drosophila muscle formation. These cells account for the bulk of the myoblasts that form the muscles in Drosophila. a molecule (usually a protein) that fuses biological membranes. muscle precursor or pioneer cells that establish a muscle prepattern in Drosophila. a membrane-associated factor critical to gamete fusion in various eukaryotes. polar-growing hypha emerging from a fungal spore. thread-like multinucleated growth form of many fungi. immunoglobulin superfamily type I transmembrane protein with one extracellular Ig-like domain. Spermatozoa from Izumo1-deficient mice fail to fuse with eggs. the surgical or natural union of anatomical parts of two organisms. structures containing an actin core with a surrounding ring of adhesive proteins that form a single domain 300–1500 nm between the FCM and FC/myotube that provides cytoplasmic continuity. term used here in the context of yeast gamete fusion. A gene is redundant if additional loss of function of one or more genes in the same mating partner is needed to observe a phenotype. multinucleated, terminally differentiated syncytium in the placenta formed by fusion of CTBs. the ENV protein of an endogenous retrovirus. multinucleated cell often resulting from cell fusion. term used here in the context of yeast gamete fusion. A gene is unilateral if loss of function in both mating partners is needed to observe a phenotype. The viral fusion machinery and syncytins are unilateral because the fusogen is only present in the virus or in one of the fusing cells. By contrast, EFF-1 and AFF-1 are required in both fusing cells; therefore, the fusion machinery is not unilateral but homotypic or bilateral. an enveloped virus related to rabies used as a model system to study membrane fusion and intracellular traffic. glycoprotein shell that surrounds the oocyte." @default.
• W2008324561 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2008324561 creator A5089171551 @default.
• W2008324561 date "2013-07-01" @default.
• W2008324561 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2008324561 title "Genetic basis of cell–cell fusion mechanisms" @default.
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