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- W2008608127 abstract "1 The effect of lowering the temperature to near freezing-point upon the contractions and [3H]-inositol phosphate responses to carbachol were investigated in longitudinal smooth muscle from the guinea-pig ileum. 2 The peak amplitude of the contraction to a single application of 100 μm carbachol was the same at 37°C and temperatures near freezing-point. However, the sensitivity to carbachol was reduced upon lowering the temperature and the time to peak contraction was increased from 5–10 s to 2–10 min. Even when the temperature was maintained near freezing-point, washing off carbachol produced a relaxation and eventual return of tension to basal levels. 3 Incubating the tissue in 140 mm K+, calcium-free solution or in calcium channel antagonists significantly reduced the carbachol-induced contraction to 10–30% of the control at 37°C and also at 3°C. Thus the majority of the activator calcium required for contraction entered the tissue via voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCs) at both 37°C and 3°C. 4 The contractions produced by high potassium solutions were less at temperatures close to freezing-point than those at 37°C suggesting that voltage-dependent calcium entry was inhibited as the temperature was lowered. 5 A small part of the contractile response to 100 μm carbachol was resistant to the removal of extracellular calcium at both 37°C and 3°C and this component was increased under depolarizing conditions. This suggests that the release of stored calcium contributes to a minor degree to contraction at both 37°C and 3°C. 6 Although 100 μm carbachol produced a statistically significant rise in several [3H]-inositol phosphate isomers at both 37°C and 3°C, the production of [3H]-inositol phosphates was less at 3°C than at 37°C and the increase in their production caused by carbachol was much slower. 7 These results suggest that the carbachol-induced contraction at 3°C utilizes both calcium entry through VDCs and calcium release from intracellular stores, as at 37°C. The components of the responses dependent upon intracellular calcium release at 37°C and at temperatures near freezing-point were similar. However, the production of [3H]-inositol phosphates, including the calcium-mobilizing second messenger inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3), is reduced at such low temperatures." @default.
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- W2008608127 title "Mechanism of carbachol-evoked contractions of guinea-pig ileal smooth muscle close to freezing point" @default.
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- W2008608127 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13725.x" @default.
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