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• W2008993589 abstract "T history of organized laboratory animal medicine in the United States may be described in two major phases (although laboratory animal medicine is also tightly linked with identification and development of animal models of human diseases, this facet is more accurately categorized as comparative pathology and therefore omitted from this discussion). Its first phase, roughly between 1950 and 1985, focused on colony medicine in tandem with optimization of husbandry practices. During this period, common natural pathogens were identified and reliable and cost-effective means were developed to detect and contain or eliminate those microbes and reduce their impact on research data. In addition, species-specific standards were established for nutrition, caging, bedding, and environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, ambient light, and noise. These standards were implemented to avoid unintended animal disease or injury and to permit more accurate comparisons between similar experiments performed at different times or in different locations that otherwise could have been confounded by differences in the animal subjects’ care and immediate environment. While progress in colony medicine continues, this initial focus was supplanted in the mid-1980s as a result of new federal laws and regulations in the United States. At that time, amendments to the federal Animal Welfare Act concurrent with the Health Research Extension Act of 1985 and resultant Public Health Service policy mandated the establishment of an institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) at each site where specified species of animals were used in research, testing, or education. Under these new directives, every IACUC had three primary responsibilities: review and approve the intended use of all applicable animals before those animals were used, inspect all areas where animals were housed and used and assess the institution’s entire program of animal care and use at least once every six months, and investigate concerns regarding improper care and use of animals in the institution. In addition, for the first time, IACUC voting members had to include nonscientists and so-called nonaffiliated members from the community, in addition to scientists and veterinarians. Laboratory animals as veterinary patients" @default.
• W2008993589 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2008993589 date "2013-04-15" @default.
• W2008993589 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2008993589 title "Laboratory animals as veterinary patients" @default.
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• W2008993589 doi "https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.242.8.1063" @default.
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