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• W2009086875 abstract "1 1 Over the past decade, electrochemistry has seen most of its previous boundaries being repeatedly broken by the great input of nanotechnologies and near-field spectroscopies.1-2 These advances in our understanding of the participation of the nanoworld into electrochemical phenomena have been widely publicized by the award of the Nobel Prize in 2007 to our colleague Gerhard Ertl. What was speculative before has become validated and important relationships to fundamental electrochemical mechanisms, electrocatalysis, corrosion and batteries have been developed. Such advances have been concurrent with those of other communities regarding the synthetic ability to design and control nanomaterials and their chemical functionalities. Electrochemists could not remain insensitive to the birth of this new world and have readily contributed to implementing new successful strategies which could not be achieved with the resource of electrochemically driven effects. Evidently, the reverse is true and electrochemists have readily found innovative ways to tailor the efficiency of electron transfers by relying on specifically designed nano-objects. This has led to a true explosion of new concepts in electrocatalysis1–3 and in electrochemical sensors of important biological targets.4 Molecular electrochemistry has seen rapid developments of new concepts and of ultrafast electrochemical methods.5 This has led to a greater understanding of such phenomena as electron transfer to and from molecules, which looked unattainable only a few years ago. The precise characterization of the electrochemical activation of molecules6 has a strong impact on the design of new electrosynthetic strategies and for the understanding of important mechanisms of homogeneous catalysis; but the most important future applications lie in the potential of these concepts for electron transfer in enzymes in the cellular compartments and their integration into sensors. In biology, specific and highly sensitive sensors are nowadays designed by considerably sophisticated processes in which enzymes or other biological molecules may be wired to an electrode;4 some of these sensors are sufficiently robust and reliable and are already on the market, for example the glucose sensor for diabetics. Other researches have led to the feasibility of monitoring small chemical messenger fluxes in living tissues or those released by single cells.7 These give insights into many important biological and medical issues dealing for example, with neurotransmission or immune systems. Another avenue common to molecular and analytical electrochemistry concerns the incredible miniaturization of electrodes. Ultramicroelectrodes applications have bloomed during the past decade promoting the development of nanoelectrodes with specific functions.8 Not only does this allow implementing electrochemical conditions similar to those that prevail near a nanostructure of the inorganic or living worlds, but it greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of electrochemical measurements in such a way that single molecules can be detected and characterized as has been recently publicized by the award of the Wolf Prize to A. J. Bard. With these technological developments, electrochemistry today would not be recognized by any former expert who would be awakening after a ten-year long sleep. Maybe the best proof of this statement is that, although electrochemists certainly continue to appreciate their community and publish in “their journals”, an ever increasing number of groundbreaking electrochemistry research is published in the most important general chemistry journals. In this way electrochemists have certainly demonstrated that they are fully integrated and contribute to the highest levels in unravelling and understanding central issues which sustain the intellectual and practical scientific growth of these interdisciplinary communities." @default.
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• W2009086875 date "2009-01-07" @default.
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• W2009086875 title "Electrochemical Phenomena in the Nanoworld/Molecular Devices and Machines/Surface Science/Spectroscopic Advances/Chemistry at a Historic Crossroads" @default.
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• W2009086875 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200800778" @default.
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