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• W2009409915 abstract "Local adaptations within species are often governed by several interacting genes scattered throughout the genome. Single-locus models of selection cannot explain the maintenance of such complex variation because recombination separates co-adapted alleles. Here we report a previously unrecognized type of intraspecific multi-locus genetic variation that has been maintained over a vast period. The galactose (GAL) utilization gene network of Saccharomyces kudriavzevii, a relative of brewer’s yeast, exists in two distinct states: a functional gene network in Portuguese strains and, in Japanese strains, a non-functional gene network of allelic pseudogenes. Genome sequencing of all available S. kudriavzevii strains revealed that none of the functional GAL genes were acquired from other species. Rather, these polymorphisms have been maintained for nearly the entire history of the species, despite more recent gene flow genome-wide. Experimental evidence suggests that inactivation of the GAL3 and GAL80 regulatory genes facilitated the origin and long-term maintenance of the two gene network states. This striking example of a balanced unlinked gene network polymorphism introduces a remarkable type of intraspecific variation that may be widespread. A previously unknown type of genetic variation has been found in a study of the budding yeast Saccharomyces kudriavzevii, a close relative of brewer's yeast S. cerevisiae. Key features of the galactose (GAL) utilization gene network are preserved among most Saccharomyces species, but the type strain of S. kudriavzevii has no functional GAL genes and is unable to use galactose as a carbon source. This new study focuses on the difference between S. kudriavzevii isolates from Japan, unable to use galactose, and Portuguese isolates that can use the sugar. Genome analysis reveals highly degenerated, non-functional GAL pseudogenes in Japanese strains and functional GAL genes in Portuguese strains. The two alternative states — termed a balanced unlinked gene network or BuGNP — appear to be of ancient origin, coexisting in S. kudriavzevii for its entire history as a species. Local adaptations are often governed by several interacting genes scattered throughout the genome. Here a novel type of multi–locus genetic variation is described that has been maintained within a species over a vast period of time. A balanced unlinked gene network polymorphism is dissected that involves galactose utilization in a close relative of baker's yeast." @default.
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• W2009409915 date "2010-02-17" @default.
• W2009409915 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2009409915 title "Remarkably ancient balanced polymorphisms in a multi-locus gene network" @default.
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• W2009409915 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08791" @default.
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