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• W2009497462 abstract "The Bush administration has proposed adding the polar bear to the US's list of threatened species, to the delight of many environmentalists concerned about federal climate change policy. Nigel Williams reports. The Bush administration has proposed adding the polar bear to the US's list of threatened species, to the delight of many environmentalists concerned about federal climate change policy. Nigel Williams reports. The US government last month made one of its most significant concessions to date on the dangers of global warming, proposing protection for the polar bear, whose habitat is threatened by the melting Arctic sea ice. The recommendation by the interior secretary, Dick Kempthorne, that the bears be added to the list of threatened species, marks a reversal by the administration from its reluctance to acknowledge the consequences of climate change. “Based on current analysis, there are concerns about the effect of receding sea ice on polar bear populations,” he said. “I am directing the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Geological Survey to aggressively work with the public and the scientific community over the next year to broaden our understanding of what is happening with this species. This information will be vital to the ultimate decision on whether the species should be listed.” A listing would bar US government agencies from any activity that would jeopardise polar bears or their hunting grounds and could potentially require the administration to compel US industries to curb their carbon dioxide output. The move was hailed as a victory for environmental organisations which have increasingly resorted to the courts to try to bring the US in line with other countries on global warming. “This is a very different position than the administration was taking a few years ago when it was casting doubt on the science of global warming,” said Brendan Cummings, a lawyer for the Centre for Biodiversity, one of three environmental organisations that brought a suit on behalf of the polar bear. “It's affirmation that global warming is real.” Kassie Siegel, also of the centre, said: “This is the beginning of a sea change in the way this country addresses global warming. There is still time to save polar bears but we must reduce global warming pollution immediately.” The government's announcement reported the observations that Arctic sea ice had declined in late summer by 7.7 per cent, and that the perennial sea ice area had declined 9.8 per cent per decade since 1978. But Kempthorne tried to downplay the implications of the decision, telling reporters it did not amount to recognition of the dangers of greenhouse gas emissions. “While the proposal to list the species as threatened cites the threat of receding sea ice, it does not include a scientific analysis of the causes of climate change. That analysis is beyond the scope of the Endangered Species Act review process, which focuses on information about the polar bear and its habitat conditions, including reduced sea ice,” the government statement said. But environmental activists said the stringent provisions of the Endangered Species Act — and the administration's natural reluctance to avoid a public relations fiasco over its treatment of such a popular species — worked in the polar bears' favour. In their legal challenge, the organisations had invoked legal protections for endangered species, hoping to compel the administration to reduce its emissions of carbon dioxide. Similar tactics have been pursued by environmental groups to confront other aspects of global warming with activists joining municipal governments and 12 states to try to force the Environmental Protection Agency to regulate carbon emissions under the US's Clean Air Act. For the Bush administration, which rejected the Kyoto protocols aimed at curbing greenhouse gas emissions, Kempthorne's recommendation amounts to an important admission. The public have until March to comment on the proposal, and the administration will have up to a year to formally place the polar bear within the ranks of bison, prairie dog and bald eagle on the endangered list. According to the latest data, the Arctic is now warming at faster than twice the rate of the rest of the world, and sea ice is projected possibly to disappear in summer months before 2050. There are an estimated 22,000–25,000 polar bears in the Arctic with animals in the US, Canada, Greenland, Norway and Russia. However, according to a recent report by the World Conservation Union, many populations are in decline. Researchers are concerned that polar bears will not survive major ice depletion. Because the ice is breaking up earlier in the year, they have less time to hunt seals and build up fat reserves that have to sustain them for up to eight months of the year. As they have become thinner, so cub survival rates have fallen. Scientists have observed that some bears are behaving differently to only a decade ago. Some have been found looking for food closer to human communities and others are trying to change their diets. The UN Environment Programme recently reported that the extent of summer ice in the Arctic has shrunk by more than 25 per cent over the past 50 years. The US government's official National Snow and Ice Data Centre says that a “stunning” reduction in sea ice has taken place in the past four years. Polar bear populations in Canada's western Hudson Bay and the southern Beaufort Sea, which is shared between the US and Canada, have declined by 22 per cent and 17 per cent respectively over the past 20 years. “Our goal ultimately is to combine the best science available with the power of working hand-in-hand with states, tribes, foreign countries, industry, and other partners to minimize the threats to polar bears and conserve this greatest icon of the Arctic for future generations,” Kempthorne said." @default.
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• W2009497462 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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• W2009497462 title "US signals threat to global warming icon" @default.
• W2009497462 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.005" @default.
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