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• W2009530441 abstract "Based on previous publications on a triple Gaussian analytical pencil beam model and on Monte Carlo calculations using Monte Carlo codes GEANT-Fluka, versions 95, 98, 2002, and BEAMnrc/EGSnrc, a three-dimensional (3D) superposition/convolution algorithm for photon beams (6 MV, 18 MV) is presented. Tissue heterogeneity is taken into account by electron density information of CT images. A clinical beam consists of a superposition of divergent pencil beams. A slab-geometry was used as a phantom model to test computed results by measurements. An essential result is the existence of further dose build-up and build-down effects in the domain of density discontinuities. These effects have increasing magnitude for field sizes ⩽5.5 cm2 and densities ⩽0.25 g cm−3, in particular with regard to field sizes considered in stereotaxy. They could be confirmed by measurements (mean standard deviation 2%). A practical impact is the dose distribution at transitions from bone to soft tissue, lung or cavities." @default.
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• W2009530441 date "2005-04-06" @default.
• W2009530441 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
• W2009530441 title "A 3D photon superposition/convolution algorithm and its foundation on results of Monte Carlo calculations*" @default.
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• W2009530441 doi "https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/8/010" @default.
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