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• W2009651683 abstract "SINCE the invention of M. Berthelot's extremely elegant and simple apparatus, described in his “Mécanique Chimique,” vol. i. p. 288, the approximate determination of the latent heat of vaporisation of liquids has become comparatively easy. The exact evaluation of the correction due to the heating of the calorimeter from extraneous sources is, however, a matter of considerable difficulty with the original form of apparatus. The correction is necessarily calculated from data supplied by the thermometric observations made previously to, and after, the actual condensation of the liquid has taken place. For this calculation to be as simple and satisfactory as possible, it is essential that during the whole experiment the temperature of the bodies in the immediate neighbourhood of the calorimeter shall remain approximately constant. In M. Berthelot's method of determination this condition is however not strictly fulfilled. For during the “preliminary period,” although the flame is lighted over the calorimeter, the liquid in the flask has not yet begun to boil, so that the radiation to the calorimeter varies, and during the “final period” the flame is extinguished and no further heat reaches the calorimeter from this source. Also during the beginning of the “middle period” a considerable amount of liquid which has been volatilised from the flask at a temperature below its boiling-point, reaches the worm and is there condensed. We therefore modified the apparatus in such a way that the flame was at a constant height and the liquid was boiling during the whole time of the experiment, including both the preliminary and final periods. We found that under these circumstances, with a rise of 3° or 4° in ten minutes, the Regnault-Pfaundler correction is perfectly accurate. We propose shortly to publish a complete description of our apparatus, and shall not therefore go into details at present. It differs mainly from that of M. Berthelot, by the insertion in the interior of the boiling flask of a glass valve, which is opened when the rise of the thermometer in the calorimeter has become steady, and closed when sufficient liquid has been condensed in the worm. The vapour during both the preliminary and final periods passes into a reversed condenser." @default.
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• W2009651683 date "1893-11-01" @default.
• W2009651683 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2009651683 title "On the Latent Heat of Steam" @default.
• W2009651683 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/049005a0" @default.
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