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- W2010168721 abstract "The earth's upper layer is divided into the crust with thickness of 50 km and viscosity higher than 1024 cm2/sec and the upper mantle of 103 km and uniform viscosity of 1021 cm2/sec. The radioactive heat production is different in the proto-continent (2×10−6 ergs g−1 sec−1) and the rest of the crust (3×10−7) and is uniform (10−7) in the mantle. The crust is considered to move as a solid body, and the heat-transfer equation with distributed heat sources is solved under the boundary condition that the surface heat flux is constant and equals 10−6 (cal cm−2 sec−1). In the mantle, scaling for two-dimensional flow indicates that the convective and inertia terms can be neglected in the equations of motion but not in the heat-transfer equation. A system of the stationary vorticity equation with a buoyancy term and the heat equation with a time-dependent term is solved by Laplace transform about time and Fourier expansion about the horizontal coordinate. The boundary conditions are that the temperature is continuous or constant at the interface between the crust and the mantle or at the bottom, respectively, and that the horizontal and vertical velocities vanish both at the interface and the bottom. Below the proto-continent are developed a pair of major cells about 104 km long with a rising limb beneath the center. Their aspect ratio is about 7. Secondary cells with speed less than half that of the primary cells are formed outside each primary cell. The shearing stress reaches 108 cm2/sec2 about 200 m.y. after the start of differential heating, yielding the breaking point of the crust materials. After breakup of the crust, the convection of the mantle is solved under an alternate boundary condition at the interface that vertical gradient of the horizontal velocity vanishes. The cellular structure of the mantle is almost the same as before, but the horizontal velocity at the interface increases and reaches 1 cm/year about 600 m.y. after the breakup of the crust." @default.
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- W2010168721 date "1971-02-10" @default.
- W2010168721 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2010168721 title "Continental breakup by nonstationary mantle convection generated with differential heating of the crust" @default.
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- W2010168721 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/jb076i005p01139" @default.
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