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• W2010240370 abstract "We modeled P nl waveforms from two moderate‐sized normal‐fault earthquakes in Zambia to determine an upper mantle P wave velocity model for southern Africa. The event parameters are May 15, 1968, m b = 5.7, depth = 28 km; and December 12, 1968, m b = 5.9, depth = 6 km. Teleseismic body wave inversions by previous researchers constrain the focal parameters for these events. We compute synthetic seismograms for six upper mantle velocity models using a wave number integration algorithm until an acceptable fit to the data is obtained. These models have different mantle P wave velocity gradients and low‐velocity zone (LVZ) depths. Quality of fit is measured primarily by the P n / PL amplitude ratio. Source‐station geometry allows for the independent sampling of the upper mantle beneath the Kaapvaal‐Zimbabwe craton and mobile belt structural provinces. Synthetics from a constant velocity mantle model do not contain prominent precursor arrivals seen in the data; these are interpreted as P waves turning in the upper mantle. These synthetics also produce a too low P n / PL amplitude ratio. Synthetics for a model with a mantle P wave velocity gradient of 0.0033 s −1 and a LVZ no shallower than 170 km fit the cratonic path data adequately. A slightly lower gradient, with a LVZ no shallower than 150 km, is indicated for the mobile belt regions. All the data preclude a mantle lid velocity gradient as high as 0.0066 s −1 . Different velocity gradients between the two provinces implies different thermal gradients, which supports the hypothesis that a deep, cool lithospheric root exists beneath the Kaapvaal‐Zimbabwe craton. Cratonic thermal gradients derived from our velocity gradients agree closely with those derived from thermal modeling by Ballard and Pollack [1987]." @default.
• W2010240370 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2010240370 date "1990-10-10" @default.
• W2010240370 modified "2023-10-08" @default.
• W2010240370 title "Upper mantle structure of southern Africa from <i>P</i>_<i>nl</i> waves" @default.
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• W2010240370 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/jb095ib11p17403" @default.
• W2010240370 hasPublicationYear "1990" @default.
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