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• W2010455571 abstract "Abstract Steamflooding can be a technically effective recovery method for carbonate reservoirs within certain parameter ranges. The attractiveness of steamflooding parameter ranges. The attractiveness of steamflooding relates to the fact that heat conduction is a powerful mechanism for influencing the oil in the low permeability matrix in a heterogeneous formation, and the permeability matrix in a heterogeneous formation, and the characteristically thick pay sections often associated with carbonate reservoirs result in relatively low heat losses to the confining strata. A numerical simulation model was used to study the effects of varying certain reservoir parameters (thickness, porosity, oil saturation, horizontal permeability, horizontal-to-vertical permeability permeability, horizontal-to-vertical permeability ratio, well spacing and stratification) on performance parameters (steam-oil ratio, oil recovery and project parameters (steam-oil ratio, oil recovery and project life). Steam-oil ratios less than 5-1/2 and recoveries greater than 80% in the heated zones were predicted for certain ranges of these parameters that are realistic for some carbonate formations. Two methods of heat scavenging were investigated using numerical simulation and physical models. The more promising method was simply drawing down the reservoir pressure by continued production after stopping steam injection, thereby generating steam by water flashing in the heated zone. This reduced steam-oil ratio by about 1-112 units in our test case, relative to continued steam injection, with only slightly reduced recovery and slightly increased project life. project life Introduction Carbonate reservoirs are generally much more heterogeneous in porosity and permeability than sandstone reservoirs because of the more complex depositional environment and the greater susceptibility of carbonates to diagenetic changes. Carbonate reservoir minerals (calcite, dolomite, gypsum, anhydrite) are in many ways more reactive than sandstone minerals (quartz feldspar, clays), and the formation water is usually more saline and has a higher divalent ion content. Average carbonate reservoir porosity and permeability are usually lower than those of typical sandstone reservoirs. Discussions of oil recovery process applicability in carbonates have been given by McCaffery et al and Ehrlich. These point out the need to consider effects of the properties outlined above as well as the usual screening criteria in selecting or designing a process. A process for carbonates must be technically suitable for low porosity, low permeability reservoirs, it must be able to tolerate the high salinity formation water and reactive rock matrix, and it needs to have an intrinsic mechanism allowing much of the reservoir volume to be affected despite gross heterogeneities. This has been recognized by industry in the sense that processes that have received the most attention for carbonate reservoir application — CO2 and hydrocarbon miscible displacement and, to a somewhat lesser extent, polymer flooding — satisfy these requirements. Miscible fluids have low viscosities, are chemically inert, and can smooth the effects of heterogeneities in that diffusion and dispersion perpendicular to the direction of flow will cause oil in lower permeability streaks to be affected. Polymer solutions can tolerate high salinity, high divalent ion formation water to a certain extent and will act to smooth heterogeneities via selective permeability reduction in high permeability zones. In this paper, we will discuss the applicability of steamflooding to carbonate reservoirs. The effectiveness of heat conduction as a heterogeneity smoothing mechanism (analogous to the effect of diffusion and dispersion in miscible processes) will be examined and the effects of a number of reservoir and operating parameters on steamflood performance will be parameters on steamflood performance will be investigated. QUESTIONS CONCERNING CARBONATE RESERVOIR STEAMFLOOD PERFORMANCE The mechanisms by which steam achieves a high displacement efficiency are well known and require little elaboration. P. 95" @default.
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• W2010455571 date "1980-04-20" @default.
• W2010455571 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W2010455571 title "Applicability Of Steamflooding For Carbonate Reservoirs" @default.
• W2010455571 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/8821-ms" @default.
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