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• W2010833762 abstract "Time for primary review 10 days.Myocardial excitation-contraction coupling begins with membrane depolarization, a process that activates voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in the sarcolemma and allows a small amount of Ca2+ to enter the cell. This Ca2+ serves as a trigger to activate Ca2+-release channels in the adjacent junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) [1]: the ensuing efflux of stored SR Ca2+ increases the cytosolic free Ca2+ ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) and initiates contraction. The amount of Ca2+ released by the SR depends on the size of its Ca2+ load and on the size and duration of the initial Ca2+ trigger. This allows [Ca2+]i transient amplitudes to be graded [2]— an important feature in cardiac muscle, where all cells contract with each beat. Modulation of the [Ca2+]i transient amplitude provides one mechanism to vary the force of contraction and thereby match cardiac output to the body's metabolic demands.Myocardial relaxation occurs when Ca2+ is removed from the cytosol, and re-uptake by the SR is quantitatively the most important mechanism for decreasing cytosolic [Ca2+]i. This is accomplished through the activity of the SR Ca2+ pump protein, SERCA2, a Ca2+-activated ATPase that pumps Ca2+ into the SR lumen. Re-uptake occurs in the non-junctional SR, primarily in the SR membrane and Ca2+ ATPase rich portion of the cell near the transverse tubules, at the Z-line of the sarcomere [3].Activity of the cardiac SR Ca pump is tonically inhibited by an endogenous SR component, phospholamban [4]. Phospholamban is a low molecular weight protein that can exist as either a pentamer or a monomer. Each phospholamban monomer contains two amino acid residues that can be … * Corresponding author. Tel. (+1-614) 292 1158; Fax (+1-614) 292 4118; E-mail: altschuld.2@osu.edu" @default.
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• W2010833762 date "1998-02-01" @default.
• W2010833762 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2010833762 title "Sarcoplasmic reticulum in heart failure: central player or bystander?" @default.
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• W2010833762 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6363(97)00260-5" @default.
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