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• W2011036183 abstract "Reviewed by: Green Desire: Imagining Early Modern English Gardens Christine Coch (bio) Rebecca Bushnell . Green Desire: Imagining Early Modern English Gardens. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003. x + 198 pp. $29.95. Rebecca Bushnell's Green Desire: Imagining Early Modern English Gardens is as much about writing and reading as it is about gardening. It takes as its focus the earliest printed English gardening manuals: handbooks on how to grow flowers, fruit, and vegetables, from the sixteenth century through the early eighteenth century. Bushnell leaves questions of garden design and development to garden historians, focusing instead on how the rhetoric of the manuals shapes gardening as an art. The green desire of her title is produced by this rhetoric, which variously participates in early modern debates about how much mastery humans could exert over nature—including their own— to promulgat[e] fantasies of better living through gardening (9). Bushnell convincingly argues for taking seriously the manuals' treatment of gardening as art rather than mere craft. Not only does gardening in these texts manifest fundamental questions about the relations of nature to culture, pleasure to profit, and beauty to taste, but the texts themselves develop out of the interaction between a written tradition and the powers of the imagination as well as experience and practice (190–91). This emphasis obliges Bushnell to explore the relationship between the garden manuals and English culture from an unconventional angle, drawing [End Page 142] on texts from more literary and intellectual genres to illuminate the manuals, rather than vice versa. Her approach aims to recover this important archive from what she perceives as the relative disinterest of historians of science, garden culture, and literature by showing how it shares arguments, images, and ideas with more elite texts (7). Methodologically, then, even as Green Desire draws on recent work by such scholars as John Dixon Hunt, Anthony Low, and Andrew McRae linking the intellectual and social concerns of didactic [husbandry books and agrarian literature] with those of English literary culture (9), it reverses the usual thrust of such analyses to focus on the experience of ordinary men, exploring the ways they experienced and contributed to the transformation in man's relation to nature at the heart of the Scientific Revolution. Bushnell lends her unique perspective on this transformation to a long critical tradition interrogating the limits and uses of the nature/culture binary, from the work of Raymond Williams, Michel Foucault, and Keith Thomas to that of today's ecocritics. Green Desire roughly divides into three sections of two chapters each. The first analyzes the desires and pleasures associated with gardening and reading about gardens; the second considers the relation of pleasure to labor in the garden; and the last investigates what is at stake in the age's arguments over creating marvels or rarities in gardens (10). Bushnell begins by tracing the contours of green desire, surveying the realities and ideals of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century gardening to describe the opportunities it offered for cultivating both the private and the social self. Gardening flourishes in times of peace. In the sixteenth century, it increasingly provided not only a means of sustenance and aesthetic indulgence, but also a medium for profit, study, self-display, and social advancement. Market gardening boomed, nursery gardens developed to meet the rising demand for ornamental flowers, and professional gardeners serviced the estates of the wealthy. On either side of commercial exchange, gardeners could imagine themselves as exerting new control over the natural order of things and their positions in it. Manuals, unconstrained by the limits of actual gardens, elaborated dreams of self- improvement, fashioning the image of the gardener as sensualist, man of wit, lover of God, and creator of wealth . . . someone who reads and works to better himself and his world (16). From the modest quarto handbooks of Thomas Hill and William Lawson to the lavish folios of John Gerard and John Parkinson, new books appealed to the hopes of gardeners of every level, so that buying books, reading books, and practicing the garden arts became inextricably intertwined and even confused (42). Manuals promised mastery [End Page 143] of varying sorts, depending on whom they were written for and when. The..." @default.
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• W2011036183 title "Green Desire: Imagining Early Modern English Gardens (review)" @default.
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