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- W2011037768 abstract "Abstract The molluscicidally active saponins extractable with water from the berries of Phytolacca dodecandra , the most promising molluscicide of plant origin, are not the genuine natural compounds. On HPLC analysis of the aqueous extract of whole unground berries or of the ground pulp, only non-molluscicidal bidesmosidic saponins can be detected. On addition of ground seed to these aqueous extracts the transformation of the naturally occurring saponins to the monodesmosidic molluscicidal saponins can be monitored by HPLC. This confirms earlier conclusions of the confinement of the bidesmosidic saponins to the fruit pulp and hydrolysis to the highly molluscicidal monodesmosidic saponins only after release of an enzyme contained in the seed by crushing the berries. Presence of saponins and enzymes is then determined by two separate genetic systems. Saponins in the pulp are maternally determined only, whereas enzymes in the seed as a result of the pollination also are dependent on the paternal source. Consistent saponin concentrations were obtained in extracts of berries from the same plant pollinated through controlled experiments using male flowers of different origin. It was then concluded that the origin of the pollen was not critical in determining the activity of the enzyme. As a result of an investigation of the optimal extraction time we found, that when finely crushed berries were extracted with water at room temperature almost all of the monodesmosidic saponins were released within 2 h, while coarsely crushed berries took 3 h to release the molluscicidal compounds. Thus, soaking the berries for a longer period of time in the hope of achieving higher concentration of the active saponins was deemed unnecessary." @default.
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- W2011037768 date "1994-04-01" @default.
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- W2011037768 title "Release of molluscicidal saponins from Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous berry extracts as influenced by the male plant and the extraction procedure" @default.
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- W2011037768 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(94)90098-1" @default.
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