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• W2011109679 abstract "RESPONSIBILITY OF THE LEARNED JOURNAL JOHN L. DUSSEAU* If science be the impartial search for truth, the learnedjournal is the depository of its findings and the medium of their expression. In this role, the journal's responsibility consists in critical evaluation and the safeguarding of honesty. This responsibility is threatened by conscious falsification within the pages of reports and by subtle misrepresentation within the pager of its paid advertising. The mere words falsification and science must seem antithetical, for science has been ever careful to keep itself above reproach. But it may not be overlooked that the magician, rainmaker, and medicine man are the precursor of priest, monarch, and scientist. The shaman, like his successor, offers faith in dominion over the forces of nature and over the ills to which man is prey. That faith in all societies has been rewarded by positions of prestige and power, and those enjoying their emoluments have much to gain by public trust in miracles. Indeed, the achievements of modern science must seem to the uninitiated miraculous. Hence both government and private funding of research has been openhanded and often more hopeful than discriminating; hence, too, the accolade of scientist carries with it a connotadon of disinterested search for truth. America is somehow the land of euphoria and utopia and we set great store by vision, scholarship, and science. Neither book nor writer is blithely burned on our scene. Medicine has long waged an ambiguous legal and social battle against the quack, its vehemence arising from the circumstance that the quack pursues his mendacious practice outside the magic circle of organized and officially accredited medicine. Every society of professionals, artisans , or skilled workers has always had three fundamental objectives: first, to secure legislation or convinced public opinion authorizing performance of the rites or work only by the society members; second, to persuade the general citizenry that persons outside the excluding fence ?Address: 915 Exeter Crest, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085.© 1989 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 003 1-5982/89/3203-064410 1 .00 344 I John L. Dusseau ¦ Responsibility of the LearnedJournal not only should not but cannot do the required magic (beyond the pale must become a phrase of pejoration); third, to impose on its own membership not only standards of performance but also approved modalities of performance. Priests, physicians, pilots, and plumbers have all understood these categorical imperatives. But science in the contemporary world does not face the problem of quackery outside its own ranks and beyond the pale of its officially acknowledged institutions. Hence the spokesmen of science are not given to outraged denunciations of quackery; but there are other good reasons why this is so. Basic research, the most intellectually skeptical of human activities, must depend on personal trust. Scientists customarily challenge the validity of experimental evidence offered by their colleagues ; but they assume that such evidence has been painstakingly gathered and honestly reported. There is no genuine alternative to this assumption, because it is impossible to verify all the primary data and the interpretive conclusions drawn therefrom in a report of far-reaching and long-continued investigation. Editors of scientificjournals and their scores of competent reviewers may search for errors and faulty reasoning ; but they must and do assume that papers under review report honest data and careful observation. To suppose that the data and conclusions of research are consciously fraudulent is to strike at the spirit and freedom of scientific inquiry. And yet a few recent examples suggest an incidence of fraud in science against which there is no defense currently at hand. An instance is that of Dr. John R. Darsee, who was recently found to have been guilty of fabrication in an extraordinary series of published findings. At least eight of his long list of published papers have been officially retracted, and it appears that he invented or distorted the statistical data of at least 32 abstracts. A similar case in point is that of Dr. Robert A. Slutsky, who in seven years published 137 research reports (this alarming productivity going by unnoticed), of which in later appraisal 48 werejudged to be of questionable validity and 12 were deemed fraudulent. A dismaying aspect of..." @default.
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• W2011109679 title "Responsibility of the Learned Journal" @default.
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