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- W2011798836 abstract "The threat to marine species is not just a cause for concern for commercial reasons but for scientific ones too. As reported in the previous issue of Current Biology (14: R1029–R1030), an international team is now uncovering many new marine species. These are throwing light on the diversity of marine ecosystems and evolutionary adaptations to a world far removed from our terrestrial home. But, as the study progresses, marine ecosystems are under increasing human pressure and many species are under threat as quickly as they are discovered. Interest, however, is not just in the new discoveries, as many better-known species still harbor fascinating evolutionary and physiological insights. One such study by Fritsches and colleagues, published in this issue of Current Biology, has examined one of the curious physiological adaptations found in swordfish, and other powerful ocean predators, which are able to raise their body temperatures above that of the surrounding ocean. The swordfish, Xiphias gladius, has a highly specialised heating system in muscles that specifically warm the eyes and the brain up to 10–15°C above the ambient water temperature. Although the function of neural warming in fishes has been the subject of considerable speculation, the biological significance of this unusual ability has remained unknown. But now a team of researchers has studied the retinas from freshly caught swordfish and other ocean predators to examine the effects of these higher temperatures on their vision. The large eyes of swordfishes suggest they are highly visual predators, and the team found that the retinas were exceptionally sensitive to temperature in terms of their response to temporal resolution and therefore response to rapid motion. Given the speed and manoeuvrability of the swordfish's often cephalopod prey, such as the large flying squids, warmer eyes may play a key role in the chase. These results contrasted with those from tuna retinas which showed lower temperature sensitivities. The two tuna species studied achieve whole-body warming using vascular counter-current heat exchange, quite different from the mechanism used in swordfish, lending support to the idea that swordfish have adapted to the pursuit of fast prey into deeper waters whose chilling effect might otherwise have had a dramatic impact on their vision." @default.
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- W2011798836 date "2005-01-01" @default.
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- W2011798836 title "The heat is on" @default.
- W2011798836 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.039" @default.
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