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- W2012058085 abstract "This paper deals with the effects of initiator concentration ([I]) on the styrene (STY) emulsion polymerisation stabilised by the mixed anionic/nonionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/nonylphenol polyethoxylate with an average of 40 ethylene oxides per molecule (NP-40). The reaction system stabilised only by SDS ([NP-40] = 0 wt%) results in an increase in the rate of polymerisation (Rp) with [I]. For the system stabilised only by NP-40 ([NP-40] = 100 wt%). Rp remains relatively constant when [I] increases. For the system with [NP-40] = 50 or 80 wt%, Rp first increases to a maximum and then decreases with increasing [I]. Furthermore, the total scrap, presumably caused by bridging flocculation and/or formation of complex between the ethylene oxide units of NP-40 and the particle surface SO4− end-groups derived from the persulfate initiator, first remains relatively constant and then increases rapidly to a maximum with increasing [I]. Beyond the maximum, the total scrap starts to decrease with increasing [I]. Smith—Ewart case II theory (i.e., ns = 0.6 and ni = 0.4 in the relationship Np~[S]n[I]n) is only applicable to the system with [NP-40] = 0 wt%. At [I] = 1.38 × 10−3 M, systems with [NP-40] = 0, 50 and 80 wt% result in comparable latex particle sizes (dp) and relatively monodisperse size distributions throughout the reaction. On the other hand, the system with [NP-40] = 100 wt% shows the largest dp and the broadest size distribution, which is attributed to the long particle nucleation period and/or limited flocculation." @default.
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- W2012058085 title "Effect of initiator on styrene emulsion polymerisation stabilised by mixed SDS/NP-40 surfactants" @default.
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- W2012058085 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00524-7" @default.
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