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- W2012172181 abstract "Background: Because of the risk of performing renal biopsies in children with co-morbid conditions, we carried out this study to identify candidate protein biomarkers in the urine of HIV-infected children with renal disease. Design, setting, participants & measurements: Urine samples from HIV-infected children with biopsy proven HIV-nephropathy (HIVAN; <i>n</i> = 4), HIV-associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HIV-HUS; <i>n</i> = 2), or no renal disease (<i>n</i> = 3) were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and proteomic methods. Positive findings were confirmed in HIV-infected children with (<i>n</i> = 20) and without (<i>n</i> = 10) proteinuria using commercially available assays. Results: By 2-DE analysis, a single urine marker was not sufficient to distinguish children with HIVAN from the others. High urine levels of β<sub>2</sub>-microglobulin and retinol-binding protein (RBP) suggested the presence of tubular injury. In addition, we found elevated urine levels of iron and the iron-related proteins, transferrin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, lactoferrin, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), in children with HIVAN and HIV-HUS. Furthermore, we detected a significant accumulation of iron in the urine and kidneys of HIV-transgenic (Tg) rats with renal disease. Conclusion: These findings suggest that iron and iron-related proteins might be promising candidate urine biomarkers to identify HIV-infected children at risk of developing HIVAN and HIV-HUS. Moreover, based on the results of previous studies, we speculate that the release or accumulation of iron in the kidney of HIV-infected children may contribute to the rapid progression of their renal disease, and could become a new therapeutic target against HIVAN and HIV-HUS." @default.
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- W2012172181 creator A5073030784 @default.
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- W2012172181 date "2009-04-01" @default.
- W2012172181 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2012172181 title "Iron-Related Proteins" @default.
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- W2012172181 doi "https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.0200608" @default.
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