FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2012563318> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2012563318 abstract "The paper by Ajjampur et al. in this issue confirms and extends several previous studies from developing countries which show alarming and robust associations between enteric infections, child growth and neuro-development.1 Their findings that symptomatic giardiasis and diarrhoea predicted wasting and poor performance on a test of cognition (and perhaps lower ‘social quotient’) are profoundly important and add to the increasing evidence that early childhood enteric infections have long-term growth and developmental consequences which must be addressed if children are to achieve their full potential.2–10Indeed, evidence is mounting that intestinal infections might have harmful effects not only on childhood stunting — itself an important predictor of IQ — but also on cognitive development which might be independent of the effect of diarrhoea on malnutrition. In an analysis of IQ data from 184 countries, Eppig et al. have recently shown that infectious diseases were the most powerful predictor of mean national IQ, even when temperature, GDP per capita and educational indicators were taken into account.11 Furthermore, although ‘nutritional stress’ correlated with national IQ, even this correlation was lost when the effects of infectious diseases were removed. Although this analysis did not assess enteric infections or diarrhoea per se, their specific suggestion that diarrhoeal diseases may lead infectious diseases in causing lifelong detrimental effects on brain development is strongly supported by original reports from our group over the last decade.2–7 As with Ajjampur and colleagues’ data on the correlation between wasting and ‘social quotients’, our data suggest that stunting (height-for-age Z-score ≤2 SD below the median) at age 2 years may be a surrogate marker of heavy early childhood diarrhoea burdens and a key predictor of later cognitive development. Further follow-up studies of national HAZ-2, wasting and IQ are needed.Similar to earlier findings in children with intestinal helminthiases by Stephenson et al. and Nokes et al., 12–14 we and others have reported that early childhood diarrhoea and Cryptosporidium infections have lasting effects on child growth and cognitive development.2–5,8,9 Furthermore, similar to the results of Eppig et al., we find that diarrhoea, independent of its significant effects on growth, impairs cognitive development (Pinkerton et al, submitted). Clearly, more studies of the long-term impact of major enteric infections, with or without overt diarrhoea, are urgently needed to assess adequately the magnitude and mechanisms by which these devastating developmental impairments occur.We and others have identified stunting as one of the best surrogate markers of the deleterious effects of early childhood diarrhoeal illness; the decline in cognitive function is apparent 4–8 years later.2,3,5,15 In Ajjampur et al.’s study, the lack of significant correlation between cognitive function and stunting when cumulative diarrhoeal episodes (and cryptosporidiosis) were taken into account might be explained by younger age at assessment (3 years). Assessing cognition at such a young age can be difficult and it would be interesting to see the results if the children were followed to an older age. In addition, more comprehensive cognitive testing might provide a clearer picture.Complex regional and pathogen-specific brain injury might lead to reductions of certain cognitive domain functions which are difficult to assess without a full cognitive battery of tests at an age older than 3 years. Some cognitive domains may require further maturation of neural circuitry which is better assessed in mid-childhood. The finding by Ajjampur’s group that Giardia spp. infections are associated with cognitive impairment in children in early life is of special interest. Our group also found a significant association between Giardia infections and cognitive impairment, especially in apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4)-negative children but not in APOE4 carriers,16–18 showing that it is likely that a genetic component is also involved in this effect of Giardia infections on brain development. Finally, the finding by Ajjampur’s group that breastfeeding might spare cognitive impairment is also of interest as secretory IgA (SIgA) found in breast-milk might also help reduce Giardia infections in the offspring.19Limitations of current studies include data from single sites (e.g. India, Peru and Brazil) and a relatively moderate number of children for multivariate analyses. Multi-country studies with long-term intense follow-up of birth cohorts, with complete data on factors hypothesised to be associated with IQ, a battery of tests for different aspects of cognitive function, and community-level data on specific symptomatic and asymptomatic infections will help untangle these complex relationships. The answers to these critical questions cannot come soon enough. Diarrhoea mortality has not fallen in the last 5 years20 and diarrhoea morbidity might be increasing in fast-growing populations. Improved diarrhoea prevention and control are urgently needed to improve this mortality; however, to break this vicious cycle, new research is required as well as strategies to address growth and IQ deficits in surviving children." @default.
• W2012563318 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2012563318 creator A5006872102 @default.
• W2012563318 creator A5071031273 @default.
• W2012563318 creator A5072834025 @default.
• W2012563318 creator A5089634637 @default.
• W2012563318 date "2011-08-01" @default.
• W2012563318 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2012563318 title "Enteric protozoa and human potential" @default.
• W2012563318 cites W1927552400 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2008762836 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2028572344 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2048214746 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2069976665 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2072430086 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2073326372 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2082331911 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2088495886 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2088832736 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2096031010 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2106229951 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2114523002 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2128907164 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2138630461 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2139405624 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2147078967 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2149066259 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2166200073 @default.
• W2012563318 cites W2171112462 @default.
• W2012563318 doi "https://doi.org/10.1179/146532811x13006353133911" @default.
• W2012563318 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3296476" @default.
• W2012563318 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21781413" @default.
• W2012563318 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
• W2012563318 type Work @default.
• W2012563318 sameAs 2012563318 @default.
• W2012563318 citedByCount "2" @default.
• W2012563318 countsByYear W20125633182013 @default.
• W2012563318 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2012563318 hasAuthorship W2012563318A5006872102 @default.
• W2012563318 hasAuthorship W2012563318A5071031273 @default.
• W2012563318 hasAuthorship W2012563318A5072834025 @default.
• W2012563318 hasAuthorship W2012563318A5089634637 @default.
• W2012563318 hasBestOaLocation W20125633182 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C118552586 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C126322002 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C142724271 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C166047926 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C169900460 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C187212893 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C18903297 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C2779764123 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C2779802037 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C551997983 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C83864248 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConcept C99454951 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C118552586 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C126322002 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C142724271 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C166047926 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C169900460 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C187212893 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C18903297 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C2779764123 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C2779802037 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C551997983 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C71924100 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C83864248 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C86803240 @default.
• W2012563318 hasConceptScore W2012563318C99454951 @default.
• W2012563318 hasLocation W20125633181 @default.
• W2012563318 hasLocation W20125633182 @default.
• W2012563318 hasLocation W20125633183 @default.
• W2012563318 hasLocation W20125633184 @default.
• W2012563318 hasOpenAccess W2012563318 @default.
• W2012563318 hasPrimaryLocation W20125633181 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W1491248789 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W1606232898 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W1986608958 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2026825198 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2032048890 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2045204968 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2063461717 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2073919917 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2073940082 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2121100014 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2126953344 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2139032647 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2157932726 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2319079185 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2893116733 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2944367373 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2973046662 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W2981960794 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W3087632246 @default.
• W2012563318 hasRelatedWork W3098566171 @default.
• W2012563318 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2012563318 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2012563318 magId "2012563318" @default.

• next