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• W2012741736 endingPage "100" @default.
• W2012741736 startingPage "86" @default.
• W2012741736 abstract "T he human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-l and HIV-2) have been shown to be the etiologic agents of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [l-3]. The known routes of transfer of the AIDS virus are blood, blood products, intimate sexual activity, and transmission from mother to child in utero, during delivery, or shortly after birth [4]. The nature of HIV, a retrovirus, indicates that following infection, its replication depends on the copying of its viral genome from the RNA molecule (present as two copies) into a DNA form that can integrate into the cellular chromosome (Figure 1). This process is achieved by using the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. It is this reversal of the normal genetic pathway that gives RT-containing viruses the name retrovirus (Greek retro, backward). The replicative cycle of retroviruses locks the viral genome into the cellular genetic makeup [5]. Elimination of the virus depends on its dislocation from the cell chromosome (a rare if ever occurring event) or killing the infected cell. Subsequent replication of the infectious virus follows the normal genetic pathway of proviral DNA =+ RNA =+ protein and the budding of infectious virus particles from the cell surface (Figure 1). In general, this release of virus incorporates some cellular proteins (e.g., HLA) on the surface of the virion [5-71. For this reason, individuals with antibodies to normal cellular proteins may have falsely positive results on serologic screening assays for HIV [8]. Moreover, the immune response against the virus might elicit antibodies that cross-react with cellular proteins and thereby cause cell death [9]. In the case of CD4+ lymphocytes and some macrophages, virus infection itself leads over time to the death of the infected cell. Other cells that do not replicate the virus to the same extent may serve as viable reservoirs for months to years with persistent but limited production of infectious virus [lo]. The means by which HIV is transmitted to the host," @default.
• W2012741736 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2012741736 creator A5032352295 @default.
• W2012741736 date "1993-07-01" @default.
• W2012741736 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2012741736 title "The transmission of HIV and factors influencing progression to AIDS" @default.
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