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• W2012765001 endingPage "9531" @default.
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• W2012765001 abstract "Mechanisms contributing to altered heterotrimeric G-protein expression and subsequent signaling events during cholesterol accretion have been unexplored. The influence of cholesterol enrichment on G-protein expression was examined in cultured smooth muscle cells that resemble human atherosclerotic cells by exposure to cationized LDL (cLDL). cLDL, which increases cellular free and esterified cholesterol 2-fold and 10-fold, respectively, reduced the cell membrane content of Gαi-1, Gαi-2, Gαi-3, Gq/11, and Gαs. The following evidence supports the premise that the mechanism by which this occurs is due to reduced isoprenylation of the Gγ-subunit. First, the inhibitory effect of cholesterol enrichment on the membrane content of Gαi subunits was found to be post-transcriptional, since the mRNA steady-state levels of Gαi(1−3) were unchanged following cholesterol enrichment. Second, the membrane expression of α and β subunits was mimicked by cholesterol and 17-ketocholesterol, both of which inhibit HMG-CoA reductase. Third, inhibition of Gαi and Gβ expression in cholesterol-enriched cells was overcome by mevalonate, the immediate product of HMG-CoA reductase. Fourth, pulse-chase experiments revealed that cholesterol enrichment did not reduce the degradation rate of membrane-associated Gαi subunits. Fifth, cholesterol enrichment also reduced membrane expression of Gγ-5, Gγ-7upper; these γ subunits are responsible for trafficking of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex to the cell membrane as a result of HMG-CoA reductase-dependent post-translational lipid modification (geranylgeranylation) and subsequent membrane association. Cholesterol enrichment did not alter expression of G-γ-5 mRNA, as assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, supporting a post-transcriptional defect in Gγ subunit expression. Fifth, cholesterol enrichment also reduced the membrane content of p21ras (a low molecular weight G-protein requiring farnesylation for membrane targeting) but did not alter the membrane content of the two proteins that do not require isoprenylation for membrane associationPDGF-receptor or p60-src. Reduced G-protein content in cholesterol-laden cells was reflected by reduced G-protein-mediated signaling events, including ATP-induced GTPase activity, thrombin-induced inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation, and MAP kinase activity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that cholesterol enrichment reduces G-protein expression and signaling by inhibiting isoprenylation and subsequent membrane targeting. These results provide a molecular basis for altered G-protein-mediated cell signaling processes in cholesterol-enriched cells." @default.
• W2012765001 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2012765001 date "1997-08-01" @default.
• W2012765001 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2012765001 title "G-Protein-Mediated Signaling in Cholesterol-Enriched Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. 1. Reduced Membrane-Associated G-Protein Content Due to Diminished Isoprenylation of G-γ Subunits and p21ras" @default.
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• W2012765001 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/bi963069l" @default.
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