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• W2013093487 abstract "Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most frequent progressive neurodegenerativemovement disorder with a prevalence of 1% to 2% in people over 55 years of age. The cause of PD is unknown, although damage to the dopaminergic central nervous system is implicated in its pathophysiology. The cardinal clinical signs of PD are tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural and gait abnormalities. In addition, PD patients frequently present with different nonmotor manifestations including mood disorders, anxiety, cognitive impairment, autonomic failure, and sleep disorders. Sleep complaints in PD are frequent and in some cases they are the initial manifestation of the disease [1]. As many as 60% of parkinsonian patients are affected by sleep disturbances that may have a negative impact on their quality of life. Complaints amongPDpatients include initial insomnia, frequent awakenings during the night, early awakening, nocturnal akathisia, nocturia, back pain, stiffness, difficulties in turning over in bed, painful cramps, leg jerks, nightmares, vigorous motor and vocal dreamenacting behaviors, visual hallucinations, confusional awakenings, restless legs interfering with sleep initiation andmaintenance, loud snoring, witnessed apnea by the bed partner, painful earlymorning dystonia, and daytime sleepiness. Nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) may detect poor and reduced sleep architecture; decreased amounts of slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stages; reduction or loss of spindles and K complexes; periodic leg movements during sleep (repetitive stereotyped jerks of the legs and feet that may disrupt sleep continuity); obstructive or central sleep apnea; and REM sleep behavior disorder (a parasomnia consisting of potentially harmful dreamenacting behaviors associated with nightmares, such as being attacked or chased by unknown people and lack of REM sleep muscle atonia). All these sleep complaints and PSG abnormalities have been related to several conditions, such as damage of the brain structures and mechanisms involved in sleep origin and maintenance; the effects of antiparkinsonian drugs; poor control of parkinsonism; comorbid conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and dementia; aging; and individual genetic susceptibility. In general, sleep disturbances gradually worsen with the invariable progression of the disease. This article briefly reviews the epidemiology, characteristics, etiology, and management of sleepiness in PD." @default.
• W2013093487 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2013093487 creator A5016908006 @default.
• W2013093487 date "2006-03-01" @default.
• W2013093487 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2013093487 title "Parkinson's Disease and Sleepiness" @default.
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• W2013093487 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2005.11.003" @default.
• W2013093487 hasPublicationYear "2006" @default.
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