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- W2013490749 abstract "The dynamics of laminar spherical flame kernels in hydrogen/air mixtures diluted with steam are studied numerically for hydrogen percentage ranging from lean to rich flammability limits at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 373 K. Ignition is simulated by means of a one-dimensional time-dependent computational model (conservation of mass, energy, momentum) taking into account detailed chemistry, multicomponent transport properties, and thermal radiation of water molecules. The analysis is focused on the transient processes leading to the development or extinction of lean, stoichiometric, and rich flame kernels initiated by an ignition source with variable energy. The formation of a propagating flame kernel is used as a criterion for mixture flammability. The extinction turning-point behavior is demonstrated for lean hydrogen–air mixtures. The turning point corresponds to about 3.5% hydrogen at 373 K. Both dynamics and critical size of a flame kernel are strongly affected by hydrogen diffusion and thermal radiation. The specific effect of hydrogen diffusion is important for a range of steam-diluted lean mixtures extending to the inerting point. The amount of steam required for quenching is 56.5% by volume. The characteristic modes of behavior of developing and extinguishing flame kernels are demonstrated and analyzed for near-limit lean hydrogen/air/steam mixtures confined in a spherical laboratory-scale explosion vessel. The flammability limits obtained by numerical simulations are in reasonable agreement with available experimental data." @default.
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- W2013490749 date "2000-03-01" @default.
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- W2013490749 title "Initiation of premixed flames in H2–air–H2O mixtures" @default.
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- W2013490749 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0894-1777(99)00047-3" @default.
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