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• W2013881444 abstract "The genotoxic and carcinogenic action of arsenic has been well documented in several test systems as well as in humans (IARC, 1980), thus providing recognized evidence for concern to human health and ecosystem balance. Both pentavalent and trivalent forms of arsenic are widely spread in the environment from several industrial activities, and arsenic exposure to humans is both occupational and environmental as well as iatrogenic (IARC, 1980). Here we report the action of As(Ill) and As(V) on the gametes and embryos of the Mediterranean sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis. The sea-urchin test system (HagstrOm and L0nning, 1973) offers a wide scope for the study of several key events in embryogenesis, such as fertilization, cleavage, hatching and larval differentiation. Moreover, as a short-term assay, this model provides the possibility to screen the genotoxic and teratogenic/embryotoxic potentials of pollutants (Pagano et al., 1978, 1981, 1982; Giordano et al., 1981). Apart from the prolonged exposure of embryos, leading to the assessment of the embryotoxic levels of a chemical, a major source of information in this test system resides in the pretreatment of sperm, which may lead to mitotic abnormalities in cleaving embryos, as well as to developmental defects, as observed in gastrulae and in larvae (pluteus stage). Sperm pretreatment in sea urchins may therefore present an analogy with well-known experimental procedures in testing genotoxicity, such as the induction of sex-linked dominant lethals. An advantage, however, as compared with these established approaches, consists in the lack of metabolism and excretion by parental organisms, which may represent a bias on a quantitative basis. Sodium arsenite and sodium arsenate pure grade preparations were tested in this study (Merck, West-Germany). The experimental procedures in the sea-urchin test system were performed according to HagstrOm and LOnning (1973) and Pagano et al. (1982). Sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis) were collected in the Gulf of Naples by the staff of the Stazione Zoologica." @default.
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• W2013881444 date "1982-07-01" @default.
• W2013881444 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2013881444 title "Arsenic-induced developmental defects and mitotic abnormalities in sea-urchin development" @default.
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• W2013881444 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(82)90168-3" @default.
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