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• W2013991231 startingPage "1639" @default.
• W2013991231 abstract "BackgroundBisphenol A (BPA) risks are being evaluated by many regulatory bodies because exposure is widespread and the potential exists for toxicity at low doses.ObjectiveWe evaluated evidence that BPA is cleared more rapidly in humans than in rats in relation to BPA risk assessment.DiscussionThe European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) relied on pharmacokinetic evidence to conclude that rodent toxicity data are not directly relevant to human risk assessment. Further, the EFSA argues that rapid metabolism will result in negligible exposure during the perinatal period because of BPA glucuronidation in pregnant women or sulfation in newborns. These arguments fail to consider the deconjugation of BPA glucuronide in utero by β-glucuronidase, an enzyme that is present in high concentrations in placenta and various other tissues. Further, arylsulfatase C, which reactivates endogenous sulfated estrogens, develops early in life and so may deconjugate BPA sulfate in newborns. Biomonitoring studies and laboratory experiments document free BPA in rat and human maternal, placental, and fetal tissues, indicating that human BPA exposure is not negligible. The pattern of these detections is consistent with deconjugation in the placenta, resulting in fetal exposure. The tolerable daily intake set by the EFSA (0.05 mg/kg/day) is well above effect levels reported in some animal studies.ConclusionThis potential risk should not be dismissed on the basis of an uncertain pharmacokinetic argument. Rather, risk assessors need to decipher the BPA dose response and apply it to humans with comprehensive pharmacokinetic models that account for metabolite deconjugation." @default.
• W2013991231 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2013991231 creator A5055598651 @default.
• W2013991231 creator A5075625508 @default.
• W2013991231 date "2009-11-01" @default.
• W2013991231 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W2013991231 title "Does Rapid Metabolism Ensure Negligible Risk from Bisphenol A?" @default.
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• W2013991231 doi "https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901010" @default.
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