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- W2014161750 abstract "Abstract Ultrasound was previously used to ascertain quantitative characters of fetal movements. Radiography has now been used in sheep to observe the qualitative nature of fetal kinesis. This study has confirmed that, while simple movements during gestation usually consist of isolated extension and flexion of the limbs or anterior spinal column, complex movements, collectively at term, have the effect of radically altering the fetal posture. Part II of the study confirms that coordinated alterations in the disposition of the legs, neck and head are the result of a standard pattern of complex movements. These specific movements also provide the ability of the fetus to rotate from a quasi-supine position to an upright one for delivery. Complex movements collectively establish the “righting reflexes”. The first component act is carpal extension which directs the fore limbs towards the maternal pelvis. The head and neck are then raised and out-stretched in the direction of the pelvic inlet. Later changes in fetal posture involve rotation of the trunk. Essentially, these “righting reflexes” dictate a conversion from general flexion to strategic extension of certain parts and evidently occur during the 2 days before birth in the sheep. Further specific postural features of note, during expulsion, include the flexion and retraction of the elbows against the thorax and terminal conversion of the hind limbs from full flexion to full extension. The details of all of the coordinated fetal behaviour observed in this study constitute evidence of critical ethological competence in the normal mature fetus. This evidence is sufficient to undermine many conventional concepts in which the start of mammalian ethological function is timed from birth." @default.
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- W2014161750 date "1977-09-01" @default.
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- W2014161750 title "Radiographic studies of postural behaviour in the sheep fetus: II. Complex fetal movements" @default.
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- W2014161750 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3762(77)90004-9" @default.
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