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• W2014232681 abstract "Transforming growth factors beta are multifunctional proteins and regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Transforming growth factor-βs have the capacity to rescue adult neurons from ischemia- and glutamate-induced cell death and are prominent in the embryonic and adult brain including striatum and substantia nigra. In the present study we show that transforming growth factors-β1, -2, and -3 promote, in a dose-dependent fashion, in vitro survival of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive dopaminergic neurons isolated from the embryonic rat mesencephalon floor. The magnitude of the effect, which was half-maximal at a concentration of 20 pM, was identical for all three transforming growth factor-isoforms and matched that of fibroblast growth factor-2. Unlike fibroblast growth factor-2, however, transforming growth factor-βs did not increase numbers of astroglial cells visualized by using antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein, and had no effect on cell proliferation monitored by incorporation of BrdUrd. Transforming growth factor-βs were significantly more potent than fibroblast growth factor-2 in protecting dopaminergic neurons against N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion toxicity. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the effect of transforming growth factor-βs is not mediated by glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, which was not detectable in cultures at various time points. On the other hand transforming growth factor-β2 mRNA could be detected in freshly isolated and cultured mesencephalic cells, and its immunoreactivity has also been demonstrated in the embryonic day 14 mesencephalon floor. We conclude that transforming growth factor-β has trophic and protective efects on developing dopaminergic neurons. The effects, unlike those of fibroblast growth factor-2 and many other mitogens supporting dopaminergic neurons, are not mediated by astroglial cells and not accompanied by an increase in cell proliferation." @default.
• W2014232681 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2014232681 creator A5047686228 @default.
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• W2014232681 date "1994-12-01" @default.
• W2014232681 modified "2023-10-04" @default.
• W2014232681 title "Transforming growth factor-β promotes survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and protects them against N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion toxicity" @default.
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• W2014232681 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)90583-5" @default.
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