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- W2014373393 abstract "Abstract The role of outflow (efference copy) is investigated by pressing on the eye while maintaining visual fixation, so that outflow is biased while image position on the retina remains constant. Most resulting changes in perception and spatial behavior can be accounted for by assuming that the eyes are controlled by a combination of pursuit (perceived as target movement) and the system that generates stabilization and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) (unregistered in perception). The theory is extended here to static positions. If the eye is pressed in a structured visual field, for example, a static portion of the OKN system maintains fixation despite eyepress. This system may be based on an integrator in the saccadic holding system. Bias in efference copy, originating from unregistered oculomotor innervation, biases pointing to a target with an unseen hand. The target deviation is not perceived because OKN is stabilizing the eye. In darkness, OKN cannot hold the eye against the eyepress. Pursuit innervation maintains fixation on a small target and biases the efference copy. Now, however, the innervation bias results in apparent deviation. Discharge of the OKN system's integrator can be perceived if a structured field is extinguished while eyepress is maintained, leaving only a target point. Increasing pursuit effort is seen as a drift of the target toward the efference copy. The bias in pointing, governed by the sum of pursuit and OKN, remains constant throughout the period of perceived drift. A control diagram of the systems clarifies their relationships." @default.
- W2014373393 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2014373393 date "1986-12-01" @default.
- W2014373393 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2014373393 title "Multiple sources of outflow in processing spatial information" @default.
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- W2014373393 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(86)90041-7" @default.
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