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• W2014404920 abstract "Salts inhibit the activity of sweet almond β-glucosidase. For cations (Cl− salts) the effectiveness follows the series: Cu+2, Fe+2 > Zn+2 > Li+ > Ca+2 > Mg+2 > Cs+ > NH4+ > Rb+ > K+ > Na+ and for anions (Na+ salts) the series is: I− > ClO4− > −SCN > Br− ≈ NO3− > Cl− ≈ −OAc > F− ≈ SO4− 2. The activity of the enzyme, like that of most glycohydrolases, depends on a deprotonated carboxylate (nucleophile) and a protonated carboxylic acid for optimal activity. The resulting pH-profile of kcat/Km for the β-glucosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl glucoside is characterized by a width at half height that is strongly sensitive to the nature and concentration of the salt. Most of the inhibition is due to a shift in the enzymic pKas and not to an effect on the pH-independent second-order rate constant, (kcat/Km)lim. For example, as the NaCl concentration is increased from 0.01 M to 1.0 M the apparent pKa1 increases (from 3.7 to 4.9) and the apparent pKa2 decreases (from 7.2 to 5.9). With p-nitrophenyl glucoside, the value of the pH-independent (kcat/Km)lim (= 9 × 104 M− 1 s− 1) is reduced by less than 4% as the NaCl concentration is increased. There is a similar shift in the pKas when the LiCl concentration is increased to 1.0 M. The results of these salt-induced pKa shifts rule out a significant contribution of reverse protonation to the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. At low salt concentration, the fraction of the catalytically active monoprotonated enzyme in the reverse protonated form (i.e., proton on the group with a pKa of 3.7 and dissociated from the group with a pKa of 7.2) is very small (≈ 0.03%). At higher salt concentrations, where the two pKas become closer, the fraction of the monoprotonated enzyme in the reverse protonated form increases over 300-fold. However, there is no increase in the intrinsic reactivity, (kcat/Km)lim, of the monoprotonated species. For other enzymes which may show such salt-induced pKa shifts, this provides a convenient test for the role of reverse protonation." @default.
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• W2014404920 date "2007-12-01" @default.
• W2014404920 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W2014404920 title "Salt effects on β-glucosidase: pH-profile narrowing" @default.
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• W2014404920 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.10.007" @default.
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