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- W2014562173 abstract "Relationships of Precambrian ore formations to various tectonic settings are determined largely from geological successions. Mineralized Archaean greenstone belts are interpreted as the upper structural levels of rocks emplaced at rift zones and “oceanic” spreading centres with minor island-arc volcanic rocks and local sediments derived from gneissic microcontinents. Predominantly silicic arc volcanism resulted from ocean-floor subduction, and microcontinent distribution was perhaps similar to that in present-day Indonesia and Melanesia. Arc—arc and arc—microcontinental collisions resulted in recumbent folding and thrusting of greenstone belts with generation of granodiorite and tonalite. Granodiorites were analogous to collision-related granites of Himalayan type. Sub-greenstone-belt oceanic crust was not preserved.Archaean mineralization included placer gold-pyrite deposits at microcontinental margins, subduction-related volcanogenic deposits (Au, Cu) of Abitibi-type in island arcs and related Au-rich exhalative iron and carbonate deposits, sparsely preserved porphyry mineralization (Cu, Mo) and sulphide Ni-Cu deposits associated with komatiitic rocks formed in the upper levels of the rift or ocean rise-erupted, greenstone-belt vol-canics. Early collision Cr-ore bodies were possibly emplaced during metamorphism resulting from arc collisions. Other possible collision-related mineralization includes Sb ores and pegmatites with Sn, W, Ta and Be.Development of Proterozoic continents is indicated by shallow-marine sediments and widespread basins and was initially accompanied by greenstone-belt formation elsewhere. Proterozoic lineaments/megafractures indicate the presence of a major super-continent with arc—continent collisional tectonics similar to those developed between Asia and bordering Taiwan, New Guinea and Timor in the late Cenozoic. Within the supercontinent, elongated narrow oceans opened and closed perhaps with little relative displacement from pre-drift positions. Ophiolitic and island-arc rocks are poorly preserved. High-grade metamorphic zones with linear features possibly developed through oblique collisions.Proterozoic intracratonic rift zone and aulacogen mineralization included the Kupfer-schiefer-type stratiform ores of Cu, Co in the Copperbelt, Zn, Pb, Cu ores at Gamsberg, Namaqualand, South Africa and U deposits. Basic/ultramafic intrusives, e.g. Bushveld Complex, with Cr, Cu, Ni, Pt and carbonatites (Nb, P, U, Ce) were intruded in mega-fractures or lineaments. Hot-spot activity on Rondania, Brazil, had associated Sn mineralization. Ophiolitic deposits included podiform chromite in dunites while subduction-related ore bodies comprised porphyry Cu, Mo, and Kuroko-type Zn, Cu, Pb ores. Proterozoic ophiolitic and subduction-related deposits are comparable to Phanerozoic examples. Collision-related ores included the Rossing uranium-bearing granites and syn-to post-collision granitic rocks elsewhere with Sn, W, Nb, Ta, Li and Be." @default.
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- W2014562173 date "1978-05-01" @default.
- W2014562173 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2014562173 title "Copper: Its geology and economics" @default.
- W2014562173 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(78)90060-0" @default.
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