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• W2015018026 abstract "The experiments dealt with in this paper cover the years from 1908, when Thorndike (60) first attacked the problem of the effect of practice on individual differences, down to the writer's own experiment reported in 1936. The quantity of material contained in the summary table pre sented in this chapter bears testimony to the lively interest aroused in the problem since Thorndike's initial work. With the exception of Whitley (72), Thorndike and most of his co-workers, among them Chapman (11) and Wells (71), have held as a result of the investigations that the effect of practice upon individual differences is to increase those already existing. In more recent years Thurstone (68), Starch (55) and Race (49) have come to a similar opinion. Hunter (30:620), agrees with this point of view but admits that the bulk of the evidence is on the other side. Among those who came early, as a result of their experimental work, to the belief that the effect of practice is to reduce individual differences, are Whitley (72), Peterson (43), as a result of his experiment on ball tossing in 1917, Perrin (42), whose work dealt with analogies and mirror reading, and Gates (24). More recently Reed (51), pointed out that the conclusion of leading psychologists that practice increases individual differences was false be cause of the measures on which it was based. He said that this conclu sion was justified when gains were measured by absolute increase in amount of work per unit of time, but that an entirely opposite con clusion is reached when gains are measured by time per unit of work, and that, because of this contradiction, neither measure is valid. In the same year, 1924, Barlow (4) reported the results of three practice experiments with card sorting, mental multiplication, and sub stitution tests. He found that the card sorting tests showed a decrease in variability, and that the mental multiplication and substitution tests 403" @default.
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• W2015018026 date "1937-02-01" @default.
• W2015018026 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2015018026 title "Practice, Variability and Motivation" @default.
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• W2015018026 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1937.10880684" @default.
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